标题: ADIZ [打印本页] 作者: choi 时间: 11-30-2013 11:45 标题: ADIZ (1) Bill Gertz, Putin’s July 4th Message; Russian nuclear-capable bombers intercepted near West Coast in second US air defense zone intrusion in two weeks. Washington Free Beacon, July 6, 2012 http://freebeacon.com/putins-july-4th-message/
(“The bomber flights near the Pacific and earlier flights near Alaska” in late June, both of 2012)
Quote:
(a) “Pentagon spokesman Capt John Kirby said the incident occurred July 4. He said the ‘out-of-area patrol by two Russian long range bombers … entered the outer [Air Defense Identification Zone]’ and the bombers ‘were visually identified by NORAD fighters.’ Kirby said the bombers did not enter ‘sovereign airspace.’ He declined to identify the specific distance the aircraft flew from the United States due to operational security concerns. He also declined to identify the types of aircraft used to intercept the bombers.
“The Pentagon spokesman said the latest Pacific intrusion was ‘assessed as another training activity.’ Rather than using traditional military terminology common during the Cold War to describe the meeting of the violating bombers as an ‘intercept,’ Kirby said that the bombers were ‘visually identified’ by jets described only as joint US-Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) jets.
“Kirby said the ADIZ extends about 200 miles from the coast and is ‘mainly within international airspace.’
‘The outer limits of the ADIZ goes well beyond US sovereign air space which only extends 12 nautical miles from land,’ he said. ‘As part of its mission, NORAD tracks and identifies all aircraft flying in the ADIZ in advance of any aircraft entering sovereign airspace.’
(b) “The Free Beacon reported June 28 that two Bear H’s intruded into the Alaska ADIZ during war games that ended June 27. A Northern Command spokesman later disputed the Free Beacon’s assertion that the bombers violated US airspace and said the air defense zone is not the same as sovereign airspace since it includes international airspace.
(c) “Canadian Navy Lt Al Blondin also said in an email that the Russian bombers during the air defense intrusion last month did not violate US airspace. ‘NORAD will track and identify all aircraft flying in the ADIZ prior to those aircraft entering sovereign airspace,’ Blondin said. ‘It is important to note the Russian flights followed international flight rules and conducted their flight in a professional manner,’ Blondin said. ‘As is their right, the Russian Air Force continues to fly in international airspace.’
(d) “Earlier, in response to questions about the Alaska Bear H intrusion, Marine Corps Col Frank H Simonds, Jr, deputy chief of staff for NORAD-US Northcom, also defended the Russian bomber intrusion as nonthreatening. ‘NORAD does not consider these flights a threat,’ Simonds said, noting ‘Russia and NORAD routinely exercise their capability to operate in the North.’ Simonds identified the Alaska defense zone intruders as Tu-95MS bombers that were met by US F-15s and Canadian CF-18s. ‘Interaction between NORAD fighters with these types of aircraft are carried out routinely,’ Simonds said. ‘As part of its responsibilities to identify all aircraft in its area of operation, which includes the ADIZ, NORAD has visually identified more than 50 Russian long range bomber aircraft over the last 5 years and NORAD fighters have been interacting with Russian aviation for over 50 years.’ Simonds said NORAD and Russian aircraft since 2010 take part in an exercise called Vigilant Eagle aimed at building cooperation on identifying and intercepting hijacked aircraft that cross international boundaries.
My comment:
(a) Please take notice it was the journalist who used the word “intercept.” Militaries of both US and Canada were friendly about Russians’ fly-bys.
(b) The brackets in quotation (a) were original.
(c) Tupolev Tu-95 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95
(NATO reporting name: Bear; Status Active in service; Produced 1952–1994) 作者: choi 时间: 11-30-2013 11:47
(2) Bill Gertz, Bears Buzz Alaska Again; Russian military again flies strategic bombers near Alaska. Washington Free Beacon, May 6, 2013. http://freebeacon.com/bears-buzz-alaska-again/
Note: The same story: a hostile journalist and a cool American military.
My comment:
(a) The content is identical--even word-for word--to that in (4)(a). It is unclear who copies whom.
(b) When did Japan--actually US--set up Japan’s ADIZ? Both China’s official media in the past several days and New York Times tomorrow (in print) says "1960s."
(4) Prior to China’s establishment of ADIZ and Until US flew two B-52 bombers through it, (English) Wikipedia has a short page about ADIZ , which was concerned about the one of North America only (but did not say when it was established or the distance from coasts--despite a map and reference to Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)). Two new Wiki pages:
(a) Air Defense Identification Zone (East China Sea) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Defense_Identification_Zone_(East_China_Sea)
(section 1 History)
(b) Air Defense Identification Zone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Defense_Identification_Zone
Quote: “Countries that maintain air defense identification zones include Canada, India, Japan, Pakistan, Norway and the United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.[1][2][3] The authority to establish an ADIZ is not given by any international treaty nor prohibited by international law and is not regulated by any international body.[2][4]
Note: Reference 2 is Jeremy Page’s blog at China Real Time.
(5) James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo, International Maritime Security Law. Brill, 2013, at page 178 http://books.google.com/books?id ... %20adiz&f=false
("The term ADIZ is defined in Annex 15 of the Chicago Convention" of 1944)
Both authors are of US Naval War College.作者: choi 时间: 11-30-2013 11:48
(6) So far, I have not been able to find out when Taiwan--most likely not US--demarcated its ADIZ. Taiwan's is contiguous with Japan's west boundary, all the way up to (no northern boundary, or boundary separating China before the last established its own.
(a) Taiwan conveys position on China's ADIZ to US. Central News Agency, Nov 28, 2013 http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201311280014.aspx
(“On the submission of flight plans by Taiwanese airlines to China's civil aviation agency, [Taiwan's deputy representative to US Leo] Lee said Taiwan is doing so in accordance with international norms and regulations. The move has nothing to do with the question of whether Taiwan is recognizing China's ADIZ, he said”)
(b) J Michael Cole, China's ADIZ: Taiwan's Dilemma; If Taiwan ever wants to be an equal participant in regional security, it must stand up to China over the new ADIZ. The Diplomat, Nov 28, 2013 (blog). http://thediplomat.com/2013/11/chinas-adiz-taiwans-dilemma/