(1) Years ago, for a few years I read a handful of postings at www.mitbbs.com.com about diagnosis and treatment (frequently in bests hospitals) in China. In all those postings diagnosis and/or treatment made no sense--so I do not hold a high regard for medicine in China.
(3)
(a) There is indeed
Dean CHOU MD, Associate Professor of Neurological SurgeryAssociate Director, UCSF Spine Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), undated.
ucsf.edu/index.php/about_us_faculty_chou.html
(b) Alexander Gottschalk, PhD, MD, Director of Cyberknife Radiosurgery, UCSF Medical Center, undated. www.ucsfhealth.org/alexander.gottschalk
, whose joint appointment is Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF.
(c) International Services. UCSF Medical center, undated www.ucsfhealth.org/services/international_services/
("Financial Requirements[:] Before you arrive at UCSF Medical Center, you'll receive an estimate of charges. You'll be asked to either make an advance payment or provide verification of authorization from an insurance plan accepted by UCSF")
(i) In Massachusetts I do not need to "make an advance payment," but then I am not an international patient.
(ii) The posting skipped the most critical part of going to a hospital: payment. It (posting) made it--the whole experience in UCSF--sound as "pay as you go" plan.
(iii) The following is what was written in the posting regarding International Services.:"罗伯特——UCSF国际中心专门负责接待我们的,所有的预约丶病历整理丶检查联络都由他负责。整个治疗期间我们没有排过一次队,所有都是他事先联系的,每次看诊,他基本都会陪同。来到神经外科,另一个华裔男子迎上来,他是国际中心指派的翻译。美国医院规定,对母语非英语的病人,看诊时都会提供专门的翻译,以防理解出错,耽误病情,而且这个服务是免费提供的哦。"
Translation is free. That happens in Massachusetts, too.
(d) Thomas G Martin, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Adult Leukemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, and Associate Director, Myeloma Program, UCSF, undated
cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/martin_thomas.3387
The post described Dr Martin this way: "终于和DR Martin面对面了,他是个西班牙裔人,头发雪白." 头发雪白, it is true, but he is not Hispanic (or Latino), though he can speak Spanish.
(4) "老公是 5月7日检查出颈椎肿瘤的 [in Hanzhou],5月30日,我们终于拿到了UCSF medical center(加州大学旧金山分院医疗中心)的预约单。"
Can it be so quick: obtaining visas, buying airline tickets? In US to get a discount for airline ticket, reservation has to be made at least two weeks in advance of flights. How about that in China?
(5) HOWEVER, the posting talked about diagnoses (plural form of diagnosis, as it is Latin (Greek spelled the same, but I am talking about plural form of a Latin word)), that is so extremely rare. That rare, perhaps not many have been reported in medical literature.
(a) You see, this is how the whole thing started: "3 年前,他 [老公] 时常觉得颈椎酸痛,开始没觉得异常,毕竟现代人十个里面有八个颈椎病。直到2012年春节,他的颈椎病越发厉害,有时候会觉得手指发麻。于是,催他去检查,在庆春东路的s医院骨科,拍了MRI." Paragraph 2.
(b) Then a couple of doctors made the diagnosis, simply on the strength of MRI, of "骨巨细胞瘤,属于脊椎肿瘤" (quoting F主任). Yet "giant cell tumor of the bone" (itself unusual) almost never afflicts the spine, much less the cervical spine. See
(i) giant-cell tumor of bone
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant-cell_tumor_of_bone
(a relatively uncommon tumor of the bone; characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells (osteoclast-like cells) [photo of a pathological speciment, showing redder giant cells with multiple, purple nuclei])
(ii) Junming M et al, Giant Cell Tumor of the Cervical Spine: a Series of 22 cases and Outcomes. Spine, 33: 280-288 (1976) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18303460
("GCTs of bone are common, aggressive, or low-grade malignant tumors that occur infrequently in the spine above the sacrum, and their presence in the cervical vertebrae is even more exceptional")
Why would Chinese doctors diagnose GCT, without a biopsy? Biopsy is the first and natural course.
(c) It is INCREDIBLE that even Dr Chou mentioned GCT, too (quoting Dr Chou: "我研究了中国拍的MRI片子,觉得你最大的可能是骨髓瘤,如果是骨髓瘤不需要手术,放疗就可以。”一句话把我们打懵了。在中国跑了3丶4家医院,听了6丶7个专家的意见,从来没人和我们说过这种可能性。DR Chou 拿出一张纸,写下8个词分别是'骨髓瘤'丶'骨巨细胞瘤'丶'骨肉瘤'等,他告诉我们,颈椎这个位置的肿瘤,基本就是这8种可能性,每一种的治疗方法丶后续的防范和复发情况都不一样")
The truth is, when a MALE patient comes to see you with a tumor (biopsy not made when Dr Chou saw him for the first time), the most likely cause is metastasis--probably from lung cancer.
But I am unsure--even finish reading the posting--that the patient (her husband) had a tumor there. The symptoms of 颈椎酸痛 and 手指发麻 are vague--and can even be normal.
(6) "我们碰到的美国主诊医生都不穿白袍." This is true in Massachusetts, but some do (depending on individuals).
(7) Regarding biopsy. The posting states, "中国的活检,好像是住院时,由主管医生做的。美国非常重视病理报告,由专门的病理科医生亲自来做,保证提取样本的可靠性。" Come on, it is done, in US and Taiwan, by any doctor (including a physician, depending on what kind of biopsy)--except a pathologist. Because it was cervical spine, likely it was done by neurosurgeon.
But bone marrow biopsy (aspiration--drawing from bone marrow--is done prior to biopsy--a piece of bone marrow is cut out) is not done at 尾椎骨, but in the lower back. See
bone marrow examination
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrow_examination
("Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy are usually performed on the back of the hipbone, or posterior iliac crest [photo]")
(9) PET-CT was done to make sure the disease was single--not multiple-sited, combining CT with PET (the latter does functional study: 往静脉注射一种糖代谢物用来标记肿瘤细胞).
"医院甚至不设药房." I can not understand how they made the observation--so wrong!
(11) The posting continued, "焦急等待中,迎来了DR Chou助手的电话。她通知我们,活检结果确认是骨髓瘤,不需要手术。所以要帮我们转诊,转到放射科接受放疗,转到血液科接受检查 * * * 我们也开始了解骨髓瘤 [myeloma] 的情况。它其实是一种血液的恶性肿瘤,浆细胞 [plasma cells] 大量堆积,变异后,形成肿瘤,有单发 [solitary] 和多发 [multiple] 的区别。它会侵蚀骨骼,在脊椎和肋骨常见,但它的病症不明显,基本化验都查不出来,误诊率高达70%. * * * [quoting Dr Martin] '骨髓瘤,也叫浆细胞瘤 [plasmacytoma],浆细胞会随着血液在体内四处流动。因此,单发的骨髓瘤只有百分之三,绝大多数是多发的。而且,骨髓瘤复发概率非常高,二年内复发概率超过70%,五年内复发概率超过50%,你们要做好准备。'"
(a) Interview with Dr Thomas Martin: New Treatments for Multiple Myeloma. UCSF Medical Center, undated www.ucsfhealth.org/education/int ... r_multiple_myeloma/
("Hear Dr. Thomas Martin, a blood disorders specialist at UCSF Medical Center, discuss the latest therapies for multiple myeloma, the second most common cancer of the blood and one that's very difficult to treat")
The Web page (and discussion) is about multiple myeloma. But solitary is the same, in just about every aspect, except that it is single this time (can become multiple in the future).
(b) So it is incomprehensible that the coupe returned to Hanzhou happily. The road to recovery is just beginning! The patient will need a lot of treatment and examinations.
(12) "光阴如梭,8月底,我们又一次回到了UCSF,又一次回到了DR Chou的诊室。好吧,一切从他开始,到他结束。美国是主诊医生负责制,第一个接诊医生负全责,由他来判定治疗效果。DR Chou翻出两张MRI片子,一张是刚刚做的,一张是3个月前中国做的,他指着相应的位置示意我们:'肿瘤明显萎缩,说明放疗效果非常好,这个过程还会持续,直到肿瘤细胞完全失去活性,形成一个痂似的存在。'”
(a) Why see Dr Chou again? Incomprehensible. "美国是主诊医生负责制,第一个接诊医生负全责;" wrong.
(b) "肿瘤明显萎缩." Not completely gone yet?! And the patient departed for good!
(13) In case you want to know more about solitary myeloma.
Howard Chang, Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma – What Every Patient Should Know. The Myeloma Beacon, May 4, 2012. www.myelomabeacon.com/news/2012/05/04/solitary-bone-plasmacytoma/
(a) In the disease, blood calcium level elevates, because tumor cells are eating the bone, releasing its component calcium.
(b) A plasma cell is a B lymphocyte that is activated by antigen. A plasma cell releases immunoglobulin or antibody. Because only a plasma cell underlies the myeloma (singular or multiple), the diseased cell is a clone secreting a single kind of antibody. So much antibody (of this kind) is made, it (the antibody) spills from blood to urine, despite the best effort of the kidney to recover it (losing it is losing nutrition).作者: bridged 时间: 6-29-2014 12:30
choi 发表于 6-29-2014 12:15
(1) Years ago, for a few years I read a handful of postings at www.mitbbs.com.com about diagnosis an ...
(1) In China "一个医生会担任多种职务,执照没有美国那么细(美国医疗费用高企和执照问题也有关)。"
About medical practice (of MDs), you mix license with board certification. A medical license (issuance, suspension and revocation) is the jurisdiction of a state board (Board of Registration in Medicine in Massachusetts; which excludes dentists). Board certification is conferred by civilian boards of all sorts.
(2) Nurses in Taiwan can not suture. But those in US can, depending on states; they need education and training, and are liable to malpractice lawsuit the same as MDs.
(a) Position Statement 97-1. Arkansas State Board of Nursing, 1997 (revised 2001) www.arsbn.arkansas.gov/lawsRules/Documents/97_1.pdf
("The performance of stapling, suturing or application of tissue adhesive for superficial wound closure, as delegated by the attending surgeon in the operating room, is within the scope
of nursing practice; however, the suturing of muscle, nerve, fascia, or tendon is not within the scope of their practice")
(b) Association of periOperative Registered Nurse (AORN), undated www.aorn.org/customapps/GovernmentAffairs/StateInfo.aspx?state=WA
(state of Washington: "Registered Nurse First Assistants (RNFAs) * * * Washington State Department of Health, Health Professions Quality Assurance, Nursing Care Quality Assurance Commission, Position Statement, Adopted March 19, 2001 - RNFA: Registered Nurse First Assistant at Surgery. The Registered Nurse (RN) can function in the position of First Surgical Assistant, as long as the nurse stays within the scope of practice of the Registered Nurse license and practices in collaboration with and under the on-site supervision and direction of a surgeon. The RN First Assistant does not concurrently function as a scrub nurse. The activities included in first assisting are further refinements of perioperative nursing practice, which are executed within the context of the nursing process. The observable nursing behaviors are based on an extensive body of scientific knowledge. The intraoperative nursing behaviors may include, but are not limited to: 1. handling tissue 2. providing exposure 3. using instruments 4. suturing, and 5. providing hemostasis")
(c) Advisory Opinion, Nebraska board of Nursing, undated
dhhs.ne.gov/publichealth/Licensure/Documents/Suturing.pdf
("The performance of simple stapling, suturing or application of tissue adhesive for anchoring catheter devices or superficial wound closure is within the scope of the licensed registered nurse. The RN performing simple suturing should be properly trained and possesses the required knowledge, skill and competence. The wound must be evaluated by a licensed practitioner and should consist of subcutaneous tissue only. NO muscle, nerve, tendon, or blood vessels should be sutured by the RN unless the RN meets the definition and competency of a Registered Nurse First Assist (RNFA)")作者: bridged 时间: 6-29-2014 19:29
choi 发表于 6-29-2014 18:34
(1) In China "一个医生会担任多种职务,执照没有美国那么细(美国医疗费用高企和执照问题也有关)。"
(1)
(a) I sought to confirm existence of Washington state's position of 2001. Rather the position was updated.
Advisory Opinion: Registered Nurse First Assistant. Nursing Care Quality Assurance Commission (NCQAC), Department of Health, State of Washington, Sept 13, 2013 ("NCQAC Advisory Opinion 1.0: Registered Nurse First Assistant"). www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/6000/RN1AssistSurg.pdf
(“Supercedes: RFNA: Registered Nurse First Assistant at Surgery, March 9, 2001”)
(i) ARNP: Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner
(ii) CNOR: Certified Nurse in the Operating Room
(iii) Formed in 1949 and based in Denver, Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) is a membership organization of registered nurses specializing in perioperative nursing.
(b) In plain English:
Top Doctors: The Super Nurse; More than a nurse, less than a doctor, nurse practitioners are positioned to play an essential role. Seattle Magazine, July 2009 www.seattlemag.com/article/top-doctors-super-nurse-15
(Nurse practitioners "perform physical exams, diagnose and treat illnesses, manage chronic illnesses, and can order tests such as X-rays, blood work and electrocardiograms. They can also prescribe physical therapy, suture wounds, cast fractures and perform procedures such as skin biopsies. And they have prescriptive powers. Nearly all nurse practitioners hold advanced degrees [master's degree in nursing] (some with doctorates [PhD in nursing]) in nursing")
(2) In Massachusetts:
(a) Registered Nurses as First Assistants at Surgery. Board of Registration in Nursing, (Massachusetts) Department of Public Health, Feb 26, 1986 (revised in 1992, 1995, 1998 (twice), 2002 and 2014) (Advisory Ruling Number: 9901) www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departmen ... nts-at-surgery.html
("include, but are not limited to: Use instruments and medical devices, Perform surgical site exposure, Handle tissue, Cut tissue, Provide hemostasis, Suture")
Naturally just because a state allows it does not mean nurses actually do it. I have not been to an operation room in US. Back in Taiwan, junior surgeons (residents in year 1 and 2) are eager to do sutures, because that is among the few things they can do.
(b) Board of Registration in Nursing, May 26, 1993 (amended in 1994, 1998 and 2002)/
pcshq.com/?page=MA%20Nurse%20BRN%20Mission%20MGL%20Regs%20for%20PCS%20rev%20April%202013.pdf
, which displays section
“6.03: Nursing Education Programs Eligible for Approval
Programs eligible for Board approval [to sit in examinations] shall be affiliated with an accredited parent institution and intended, among other outcomes, to prepare and qualify a graduate to write the NCLEX -RN or NCLEX - PN, and shall include:
(1) Registered Nursing programs granting:
(a) a baccalaureate degree
(b) an associate degree
(c) a diploma of completion from a hospital-based diploma program
(d) a certificate of completion from a graduate degree program.
(2) Practical Nursing programs granting a certificate of completion from a community college, vocational postsecondary school, or hospital.”
(i) The URL reflects the fact that Massachusetts stores this information at the website of Professional Credential Services, Inc (based in Nashville, Tenn).
(ii) National Council Licensure Examination
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_Licensure_Examination
(There are two types, the NCLEX-RN [for registered nurse] and the NCLEX-PN [for: licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurse (LVN)]; NCLEX examinations are developed and owned by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc (NCSBN; based in Chicago, Illinois))
(3)
(a) Mark Peters and and Douglas Belkin, Surprising Findings on Two-Year vs Four-Year Degrees. Wall Street Journal, June 25, 2014
online.wsj.com/articles/fed-study-says-it-still-makes-sense-to-go-to-college-1403618488
("In Colorado, Tessa DeVore earned a two-year nursing degree from Front Range Community College in 2010. The degree cost her $23,000, but her starting salary was $53,000. ‘At my hospital, the salary doesn't increase any faster if you have a four-year degree,’ she said. 'For me, this was absolutely the way to go'")
(b) According to LinkedIn, Ms DeVore is currently an “Oncology RN at Presbyterian Saint Lukes” at Denver.
(c) She is not against more advanced degrees, though.
(i) Michaele Charles, Student Success: FRCC Nursing Grad Finds Her Calling in Oncology. Front Range Community College
blog.frontrange.edu/2013/04/17/student-success-frcc-nursing-grad-finds-her-calling-in-oncology/
(ii) Front Range Community College (main campus: Westminster, Colorado [where Ms DeVore attended; a northwest suburb of Denver]; Established 1968; students 31,052 [the largest community college in Colorado]) Wikipedia
(4) Follow-up:
林碧波, 本报独家对话作者 '倾心2007”' 解答网友疑问. 都市快报 (Hangzhou), June 8, 2014.
hzdaily.hangzhou.com.cn/dskb/html/2014-06/08/content_1740932.htm作者: choi 时间: 6-30-2014 16:50
I just add to the preceding posting:
(1)(b) In plain English:
Top Doctors: The Super Nurse; More than a nurse, less than a doctor, nurse practitioners are positioned to play an essential role. Seattle Magazine, July 2009 www.seattlemag.com/article/top-doctors-super-nurse-15
(Nurse practitioners "perform physical exams, diagnose and treat illnesses, manage chronic illnesses, and can order tests such as X-rays, blood work and electrocardiograms. They can also prescribe physical therapy, suture wounds, cast fractures and perform procedures such as skin biopsies. And they have prescriptive powers. Nearly all nurse practitioners hold advanced degrees [master's degree in nursing] (some with doctorates [PhD in nursing]) in nursing")