标题: 'the soliloquy of Richard III' [打印本页] 作者: choi 时间: 3-1-2015 13:13 标题: 'the soliloquy of Richard III' Note:
(a) Richard III of England (1452-1485; reign 1483-1485; House of York)
(b) Richard III (play)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_(play)
(written in approximately 1592; section 4.3 Richard as anti-hero)
* Is 'audience' singular or plural? English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
english.stackexchange.com/questions/58692/is-audience-singular-or-plural
(Mustafa, on Feb 21, 2012: "Audience is a collective noun. If you think and/or express it as a group it is singular; If you think and/or express it as individuals acting within the whole it is plural")
(c) RICHARD III, William Shakespeare, Act I, scene i. SparkNotes, undated www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/richardiii/section1.rhtml
(i) "The first victim is Richard’s own brother, Clarence. Richard and Clarence are the two younger brothers of the current king, Edward IV, who is very ill"
(A) Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York had eight sons and five daughters. Edward was his second son; George, Duke of Clarence the sixth son--and Richard (future Richard III) the eighth son. All other sons--and father himself who died in 1460 in a battle in War of Roses against Lancastrians--died young to matter in this discussion. Yorkist Edward gained the throne by defeating and capturing Lancastrian Henry VI (also in 1460)--whom Edward IV imprisoned in Tower of London (and likely murdered in 1471). Edward was declared king in 1461.
(B) George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence
(section 2 Death)
* His execution does NOT seem to have anything to do with Richard. Section 1 of this Wiki page sketched how George, Duke of Clarence, together his father-in-law, once rebelled against Edward IV, defeated the latter's army and imprisoned the latter--before George switched side and his father-in-law killed in another battle with Edward IV.
* Plantagenet is not the surname but a house. See House of Plantagenet
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet
(1186-1485 (when Richard III was killed); The name of Plantagenet, which historians use for the entire dynasty, dates from the 15th century and comes from a 12th-century nickname of Geoffrey)
* Duke of Clarence
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Clarence
There is NO place in UK called Clarence.
(ii) Edward IV of England
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
(section 1.4 Later reign and death: It is not known what actually caused Edward's death)
(d) JM Pressley, Richard III ‘Now is the winter of our discontent * * *’ Shakespeare Resource Center (SRC), undated www.bardweb.net/content/readings/richard3/index.html
(i) More, his father (John) and paternal grandfather (William) were all born in London. How they got the surname and their ancestry/ethnicity is unknown.
(A) Martin Wood, The Family and Descendants of Sir Thomas More. The Center for Thomas More Studies, Nov 18, 2008 www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Descendants_John.pdfeither came out of the Mores of Ireland, or they came out of us
("It has sometimes been claimed that Sir John More, Thomas More’s father, said that his ancestors came from Ireland. However, what he actually said was that his ancestors 'either came out of the Mores of Ireland, or they came out of us.' No records of any Irish links have been discovered")
(B) Cresacre More and Joseph Hunter, The Life of Sir Thomas More. London: William Pickering, Chancery Lane 1828, at page 12
books.google.com/booksid=I6YEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq="either+came+out+of+the+Mores+of+Ireland,+or+they+came+out+of+us"&source=bl&ots=KbDc3JICvD&sig=WIxs9VLr0cMcSwVGatKSJ2xN5uI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hz7zVNSSL5KWyATK94FY&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22either%20came%20out%20of%20the%20Mores%20of%20Ireland%2C%20or%20they%20came%20out%20of%20us%22&f=false
("and therefore, although by reason of King Henry's seizure of all our evidences, we cannot certainly tell who were Sir John's ancestors, yet must they needs be gentlemen, and as I have heard, either came out of Mores of Ireland, or they came out of us”)
One of the first few pages of the book identified Cresacre (1572-1649) as a great grandson of Thomas More. How Cresacre collaborated with Joseph Hunter (1783-1861) I fail to find out. I also can not find a place name in Ireland called Mores.
(ii) Raphael Holinshed
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Holinshed
(1529-1580)
(iii) William Shakespeare (1564 (baptised) – 1616)