标题: Nudism Waning in Europe [打印本页] 作者: choi 时间: 9-10-2018 13:20 标题: Nudism Waning in Europe Naked Europe | All the Young Prudes; The home continent of public nakedness is growing more body-shy. Economist, Sept 1, 2018. https://www.economist.com/europe ... ed-europe-covers-up
Note:
(a) There is no need to read the rest of this report, only because Economist imposes a quota on how many articles a non-subscriber can read a week.
(b) " 'NAKED, we are equal,' proclaims Ida Karkiainen. The Swedish MP [member of parliament] is addressing a packed hall at the 17th International Sauna Congress in Tornio, Finland. * * * It is important, Ms Karkiainen continues, that both sexes sit nude in the sauna together [My googling shows Finnish saunas can be unisex or mixed, but I do not know the ratio]. * * * Beginning in the late 19th century, ideas about freedom, equality, health, sexuality and public space came together to create a distinctly European enthusiasm for going unclothed. In Scandinavia the focus was the sauna. In Mediterranean countries it was the beach. In Germany it was everywhere: the country's Freikörperkultur ('free body culture,' or FKK) encourages stripping off while gardening, playing sports or taking lunch breaks in the park. Yet Europe's taste for bare skin is in retreat. Nudist beaches and resorts, topless sunbathing and nude unisex saunas are declining. Football teams report that players are unwilling to remove their underwear to shower after matches. * * * FKK, which had been strongest in the former East Germany. * * * [reasons:] Smartphones with cameras makes risqué undress riskier. * * * The #MeToo movement has forced a reassessment of even fully clothed interactions between the sexes, let alone the naked ones."
(i) Tornio https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornio
(table: Population (2017-08-31) 22,000 (46th largest in Finland)
(ii) German-English dictionary:
* frei (adj): "free" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frei
* Körper (noun masculine; from Latin [noun neuter] corpus [(anatomy) body]): "body" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Körper
* Kultur (noun feminine; from Latin [noun feminine] cultūra): "culture" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kultur
(c) " 'Parts of Cap d'Agde have been completely sexualised,' says Wim Fisscher, owner of Adam and Eve, the last nude beach restaurant in the Dutch town of Zandvoort. He has had to turn away sadomasochists who turned up with leash and collar. Toplessness on European beaches is dwindling. In 1984 a survey found that 43% of French women under 50 sunbathed bare-breasted. By 2017 that has fallen to 22% * * * 'On the one hand young people nowadays watch the craziest sorts of porn, and on the other they find it harder to take their own clothes off,' observes Mr Fisscher. In the late 1980s there were seven nude restaurants in Zandvoort. He estimates that the average age of his patrons has risen to about 50. If any place is mor embarrassing for non-European tourists than a French nude beach, it is German or Dutch sauna. They are unisex and naked by default. * * * The one thing that will earn a disapproving stare is wearing clothing"
(i) Cap d'Agde https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_d%27Agde
(a seaside resort on the Mediterranean sea in Agde [founded by the (Greek) name Agathe Tyche 'good fortune' as a 5th-century BC Greek colony], France)
(ii) French-English dictionary:
* cap (noun masculine; from Latin [noun neuter] caput [(anatomy) head; caput also gave rise to English noun cape]): "(geography) cape" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cap
(iii) Zandvoort https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandvoort
(table: Population (August 2017) 16,954; "Zandvoort is known to exist in 1100, called Sandevoerde (a combination of 'sand' and 'voorde,' meaning ford")