标题: Battle of Chosin Reservoir [打印本页] 作者: choi 时间: 9-30-2018 12:44 标题: Battle of Chosin Reservoir Mark Yost, Victory in Retreat; The hubris of MacArthur, rather than the fighting, was the main cause of casualties at the Chosin Reservoir. Wall Street Journal, Sept 29, 2018 https://www.wsj.com/articles/on- ... -retreat-1538085683
(book review on Hampton Sides, On Desperate Ground; The Marines at the reservoir, the Korean War's greatest battle. Doubleday, 2018)
Note:
(a)
(i) Battle of Chosin Reservoir (hanja: 長津湖戰鬪; Chinese: 长津湖战役; "The name 'Chosin' is derived from the Japanese pronunciation 'Chōshin,' instead of Korean pronunciation 'Changjin,' of the Chinese word 長津;" Nov 27 – Dec 13, 1950)
(ii) Chosin Reservoir is located at the present-day Changhin Kun 長津郡. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/長津郡 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和国咸鏡南道; map)
(b) "Battle of Chosin Reservoir holds a special place in Marine Corps lore—alongside Belleau Wood, Iwo Jima and Khe Sanh—notable not as one of the Marines' greatest victories but one of military history’s greatest tactical retreats. * * * Those [Marines] who survived are reverentially referred to as 'The Chosin [Chosen] Few.' * * * Some of the best books on the subject include 'Breakout; The Chosin Reservoir Campaign, Korea 1950,' [Penguin, 2000] by Martin Russ, and 'Frozen Chosin[; US Marines at the Changjin Reservoir. publisher: History and Museums Division, US Marine Corps, 2002],' by Edwin H Simmons—both authors had served in the war—and 'The Last Stand of Fox Company,' [Grove, 2009] by Bob Drury and Tom Clavin"
(i) Battle of Belleau Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Belleau_Wood
(June 1-26, 1918; Location Belleau Wood near Marne River, France)
French place accent on the second syllable of Belleau, but American dictionaries, the first or second syllable.
(ii) Battle of Khe Sanh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khe_Sanh
(Jan 21 – July 9, 1968; Result Indecisive; both sides claimed victory: US Marine Khe Sanh Combat Base (JSCB) siege was lifted but US dismantled the base)
(c) "Chosin was the site of the first major engagement, in November 1950, between Gen Douglas MacArthur's United Nations coalition force, spearheaded by Gen Oliver Smith of the First Marine Division, and Mao Zedong's People's Volunteer Army. * * * MacArthur ordered his troops to proceed north, through narrow mountain passes carved with steep ravines and onto the high, flat ground around the Chosin Reservoir, an ideal staging ground for what the Chinese feared (and MacArthur hoped) would be an advance into communist China. * * * Fox Company lost nearly a third of its force that night [Nov 27, 1950]. * * * [In retreat] Smith led his troops * * * until they reached the harbor in Hamhung, almost 80 miles away, where they boarded ships" to Pusan."
(i) Oliver P Smith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_P._Smith
(1893 – 1977; noted for commanding the 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir)
(ii) 1st Marine Division (based in Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, California) > 3D Assault Amphibian Battalion > Fox Company
(A) The ">" means "containing."
(B) Katie Lange, Military Units: How Each Service Is Organized. Dod News, May 17, 2017. http://www.dodlive.mil/2017/05/1 ... rvice-is-organized/
(sectional heading "Marine Corps": size of a company, a battalion, and a division)
(iii) Hamhung 咸興市 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamhung
(is North Korea's second largest city [largest city being 平壤市], and the capital of South Hamgyŏng Province 咸鏡南道 [whose name is composed of 咸興市 and 鏡城郡])