"And we are making progress in addressing outbound investments in sensitive technologies, especially technologies and investments that would not be captured by export controls and that could accelerate the capabilities of our competitors in the most sensitive areas.
"For example, last week, we launched significant, carefully tailored restrictions on semiconductor technology exports to the PRC, focused on advanced semiconductor manufacturing tools, the most advanced chips, and supercomputing capabilities.
"These restrictions are premised on straightforward national security concerns. These technologies are used to develop and field advanced military systems, including weapons of mass destruction, hypersonic missiles, autonomous systems, and mass surveillance.
"Many of you have heard the term 'small yard, high fence' when it comes to protecting critical technologies. The concept has been citied at think tanks and universities and conferences for years. We are now implementing it.
"Chokepoints for foundational technologies have to be inside that yard, and the fence has to be high—because our strategic competitors should not be able to exploit American and allied technologies to undermine American and allied security.
Alongside these efforts in the technology realm, we are charting new arrangements to shape the economic rules of the road while protecting the interests of American workers.
"The bottom line is that we can’t just fall back on the traditional FTAs of the past.
(ii) The Italian surname "Di Pippo" means child of "from a [Italian] pet form of the [Italian] personal name Filippo from Greek Philippos (see Philip)." (The di is a preposition.)
(A) Gerard DiPippo, Senior Fellow, Economics Program. CSIS, undated https://www.csis.org/people/gerard-dipippo
("He joined CSIS after nearly 11 years in the US intelligence community (IC). From 2018 to 2021, DiPippo was a deputy national intelligence officer for economic issues at the National Intelligence Council, where he led the IC's economic analysis of East Asia. He also was a senior economic analyst at the Central Intelligence Agency, focused on East Asia, South Asia, and global economic issues. DiPippo holds a bachelor's degree in economics and philosophy from Dartmouth College")
(B) The en.wikipedia.org says "The National Intelligence Council (NIC), established in 1979 and reporting to the Director of National Intelligence, bridges the United States Intelligence Community (IC) with policy makers in the United States," and that its incumbent chair (since Jan 21, 2021) is Avril Haines, who is also the incumbent Director of National Intelligence (DNI; a cabinet-level official created in a 2004 federal law; Haines was appointed -- by president with senate advice and consent -- DNI same day in 2021).''
• Wikipedia does not mention NIC's composition, which is explained this way:
National Intelligence Council -- Who We Are. Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), undated https://www.dni.gov/index.php/wh ... /nic/nic-who-we-are
("The NIC's National Intelligence Officers — drawn from government, academia, and the private sector—are the Intelligence Community's senior experts on a range of regional and functional issues")
• (Modern) French-English dictionary:
* Avril (noun masculine; from Old French avril, from Latin [noun masculine singular (my guess is that 'singular; is necessary so that English speakers will misunderstand it as plural] Aprīlis): "April" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avril
Origin (etymology) of Latin Aprilis is unclear.
Modern English April also descends from same Old French avril, but re-Latinised from v to p (I do not know when and by whom).
(i) "we see four pillars at the heart of our strategy:
"First, investing in our science and technology ecosystem;
"Second, nurturing top STEM talent;
"Third, protecting our technology advantages;
"And fourth, deepening and integrating our alliances and partnerships.
(ii) "The third pillar is protecting our technology advantages, and preventing our competitors from stealing America’s intellectual property, and using our technologies against us or their own people.
"Our competitors are using increasingly sophisticated means to illicitly acquire sensitive technologies, information, and know-how, and we must adapt accordingly.
"On export controls, we have to revisit the longstanding premise of maintaining 'relative' advantages over competitors in certain key technologies. We previously maintained a 'sliding scale' approach that said we need to stay only a couple of generations ahead.
"That is not the strategic environment we are in today.
"Given the foundational nature of certain technologies, such as advanced logic and memory chips, we must maintain as large of a lead as possible.
• For lack of a better words, Mr Sullivan uses " 'sliding scale' approach.: That is my guess.
(This is the only definition in other online dictionaries. It means that the more income a patient earns, the more he will be charged -- for the same service or treatment. It seems to me to be similar to Uber's charging. That is precisely what is said.
Jennifer Marston, Uber Eats Trades Its Flat Delivery Fee for Sliding-Scale Payments. The Spoon, Aug 9, 2018. https://thespoon.tech/uber-eats- ... ing-scale-payments/
There is no need to rea text.)