Note for (2):
(a) "羅奇今年初以〈我痛苦地說:香港已經玩完〉(It pains me to say Hong Kong is over)為題在英國《金融時報》撰文"
Stephen Roach, It Pains Me to Say Hong Kong Is Over. Financial Times, Feb 11, 2024. https://www.ft.com/content/27a2c28e-d28b-444c-97fd-4616ed32c675
(i) The English surname Roach is "of Norman origin from Old French and Middle English roche 'rock cliff promontory' sometimes a translation of Stone" (am English surname; modern English stone came from Middle English of the same spelling, which in turn came from Old English stan (as in English surname Stanley). The term "of Norman origin" means that Normans (after Norman Conquest by William in 1066, subjecting to Anglo-Saxons under rule) brought this surname to England, which was indigenized to become a surname in England. Anglo-Saxons had had a surname of the same meaning but spelled Stan, now stone. Anglo-Saxons used (spoke, wrote) Old English (a Germanic branch), and Normans in ENGLAND, Middle English (Normans in France continued speaking their own language, NOT having adopted Anglo-Saxons' Old English to create a mixture which is Middle English). Of course, Normans in 1066 were also Germanic (ie, they were barbarian, non-Romans).
The bottom line is that surname Roach is not from the crawling animal.
(ii) "China's broad CSI 300 index"
CSI, because the index is compiled by China Securities Index Company 中证指数有限公司 (2005- ; based in Shanghai; private company (meaning it does not issue stock sold in stock market, like Dell)
(iii) jawboning (n; Did You Know?) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jawboning
(iv) "the old Kai Tak airport"
Kai Tak International Airport 啟德機場 (1925-1998): "The story of Kai Tak started in 1912 when two businessmen, Ho Kai [何啟 ('香港第一位獲封為爵士的華人': zh.wikipedia.org for 何啟; 'was knighted in 1912': en.wikipedia.org for 'Kai Ho')] and Au Tak [區德], formed the Kai Tak [Land] Investment Company[, Limited 啟德營業有限公司] to reclaim land in Kowloon for development. The land was acquired by the government for use as an airfield after the business plan failed." en.wikipedia.org for the airport.
(A) Knighthoods and Damehoods. The Royal Family, undated. https://www.royal.uk/knighthoods-and-damehoods
In English, a knight is a person and knighthood is the status. In Hong Kong, 爵士 can mean both ("獲頒爵士"), but knighthood can also be translated as 爵位 or 爵士勳銜. Naturally, the same title (knight) in English in Medieval times is translated as 騎士.
In Hong Kong, a dame is 女爵士 or 貴婦人.
The difference between knight and baronet )status baronetcy) in United Kingdom is seen in Knight https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight
(section 7 Types of knighthood: under the heading "British baronetcies")
(B) 區姓 https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/區姓
(v) "Notwithstanding a frightening, steep landing at the old Kai Tak airport, I was immediately taken with the extraordinary energy of the business community."
A) taken with/by something (phrase): "believing something to be deserving of respect or admiration <The committee was very taken with your proposals>" https://dictionary.cambridge.org ... glish/taken-with-by
(B) be taken with (phrasal verb): "to find somebody/something attractive or interesting <We were all very taken with his girlfriend.> <I think he's quite taken with the idea.>" https://www.oxfordlearnersdictio ... glish/be-taken-with