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标题: Incomes among Asian Americans [打印本页]

作者: choi 时间: 4-1-2011 11:22
标题: Incomes among Asian Americans
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Summary: In American, Taiwanese, not Asian Indian, have highest percentage of graduage or professional degree and earn higher income.

(1)
(a) Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2011. US Census Bureau, Mar 8, 2011 (document no. CB11-FF.06)
http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb11-ff06.html

, whose "income" portion states

"$68,780
Median household income for single-race Asians in 2009.
Source: 2009 American Community Survey <http://factfinder.census.gov>

"Median household income differed greatly by Asian group. For Asian Indians, for example, the median income in 2009 was $90,429; for Bangladeshi, it was $46,657. (These figures represent the single-race population.)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey <http://factfinder.census.gov>

(b) You see, all the time the Bureau collects data (albeit in smaller scale than the census)--and analyzes the data.
(c) One data set is American Community Survey, by the Bureau.

The latest American Community Survey was reported in 2009. And there are three analyses for that year:
(i) 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
(ii) 2007-2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates
(iii) 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates
http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=ACS&_submenuId=&_lang=en&_ds_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_&ts=

Quotations in(1)(a) above refers to (c)(iii).

(d) From (c)(iii), proceed to its right column and "Selected Population Profiles."

In the new web page, select (i) "nation" for "geographic type" AND (ii) "United States" for "geographic area" (both of which are the default options). Click "Show Result."

In yet another new web page, select a group.

The selection in summary: "You are here:  Main >Data Sets >Geography >Population Groups  >Results"

(2) I repeated one group after another, and combine the statistics for each group into a table. The table is too big to display here in ONE piece. So I separate (A) the top horizontal column from (B) the table of ethnicities with numbers.

(A) Columns:
(a) total population
(b) average household size
(c) educational attainment (population 25 years and over)
(i) Bachelor's degree
(ii) graduate or professional degree
(d)
(i) mean household income (income in the past twelve months, in 2009 inflation -adjusted income)
(ii) with earnings*
(iii) mean earnings
(e) mean family income**

(B)
US (as a whole) 2.63 17.6% 10.3%  $50,221 79.5%  $69,918  $61,082
white alone 229,773,131 2.54 18.5% 10.8% $53,131  78.7% $73,313 $65,319
Asian Indian alone 2,602,676 3.08 32.1% 38.6% $90,429 94.9% $113,074  $100,431
Chinese alone 3,204,379 2.91 25.7% 26.2% $69,502 86.3% $95,843  $82,129
Chinese, except Taiwanese, alone 3,106.005 2.91 25.4% 25.7% $69,211 86.3% $95,600 $81,528
Taiwanese alone 98,374 2.67 31.7% 42.4% $81,624 87.4% $102,419 $97,731
Japanese alone 766,875 2.25 31.6% 15.8% $64,231 75.8% $89,194 $88,129
Korean alone 1,335,973 2.66  33.7% 19.0% $52,039 81.1% $83,413 $61,683

* Other incomes wereSocial Security income, Supplemental Security income, cash public assistance income, retirement income and Food Stamp/SNAP benefits.
** Definitions for household and family
https://ask.census.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/614/~/definition%3A-household-and-family

(3) How to interpret the previous table?

For example, take "Taiwanese alone" (2009 estimate):
* population 98,374
* average household size 2.67
* 31.7% with bachelor's degree and ADDITIONAL 42.4% with graduate or professional degree
* median household income $81,624
* 87.4% of Taiwanese working
* Those who worked in 2009 earned $102,419
* median family income $97,731

It turns out that median family income (teh last column) is unnecessary, as it is not much different from median household income.

(a) Whether one in US is a US citizen, permanent resident, visa holders or illegal alien, all should--but do not necessarily--participate in a survey or census from the Bureau.

A form includes ethnicities, which a respondent can select (if he so chooses). It is self-report and does not matter what the respondent immigration status is. The "ethnicity" simply reflects what you think you are (there is no verification).

A form includes major ethnic groups, but a person of minor ethnic group can elect "Others' and fill in his ethnicity in the box immediately. For Taiwanese, some choose "Chinese" while others go through the troubles (choose "others' and fill in "Taiwanese"). So "Taiwanese alone" are definitely Taiwanese but some Taiwanese may be lumped into "Chinese alone."
(b) It is obvious (and statistically significant) that Asian Indian (as opposed to American Indians) had (in 2009) a bigger household size (3.08 v. 2.67 for Taiwanese and 2.91 for Chinese except Taiwanese).
(c) Asian Indian and Taiwanese were similar in bachelor's degree percentage, BUT percentage of Taiwanese with graduate or professional defree is significanly higher (42.4% v 38.6%). Still Taiwanese earned sigificantly lower median household income than Asian Indian ($81,624 v $90,429)--because Taiwanese holdhold size was about 5/6 of Asian Indian (if Taiwanese holdhold size had been 3.08, same as Indian, the median household income for Taiwanese would have been about %97,000--the highest among Asians and "white alone.")

Thus (going back to each ethnic group) the "Individual[:] per capita income" for Asian Indian, Chinese except Taiwanese AND Taiwanese alone (in 2009) were
$37,913, $31,897 AND $40,131, respectively.

(d) To my surprise, neither Koreans nor Japanese in US had high percentages of "graduate or professional deegrees): lower than "Chinese except Taiwanese" but higher than white.
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