Note:
(a) In the chart, the legend is in mid-page.
(b) Xin Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xin_Dynasty
(新朝; 9-23AD; followed Western Han Dynasty and preceded the Eastern Han Dynasty; The sole emperor of the Xin Dynasty, WANG Mang 王莽 [45BC-23AD], was the nephew of Grand Empress Dowager WANG Zhengjun 太皇太后 王政君 [71BC-13AD])
(c) Timur 帖木尔 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur
(Chagatai [an extinct Turkic language]: Temür "iron"; 1336-1405; founder of the Timurid dynasty (1370–1405) in Central Asia, and great, great grandfather of Babur 巴卑爾 (巴布尔 in China), the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire 蒙兀兒帝國 (莫卧儿帝国 in China) in India until 1857
See also
Mughal Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire
(1526–1737; Following 1725, the empire began to disintegrate: The last Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, whose rule was restricted to the city of Delhi, was imprisoned and exiled by the British after the Indian Rebellion of 1857)
Quote: "The name Mughal is derived from the original homelands of the Timurids, the Central Asian steppes once conquered by Genghis Khan and hence known as Moghulistan, 'Land of Mongols.' Although early Mughals spoke the Chagatai language and maintained some Turko-Mongol practices, they became essentially Persianized and transferred the Persian literary and high culture to India, thus forming the base for the Indo-Persian culture and the Spread of Islam in South Asia.
(d) Thirty Years' War http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War
(1618–1648; one of the most destructive conflicts in European history; Location primarily present day Germany;
Result Peace of Westphalia)
(e) In the chart: No 4 Famines in British India
No 46 Panthay Rebellion
No 66 Hui Rebellion
No 67 Sino-dzungar War
Quote: "The name 'Panthay' is a Burmese word, which is said to be identical with the Shan word Pang hse. It was the name by which the Burmese called the Chinese Muslims who came with caravans to Burma from the Chinese province of Yunnan. The name was not used or known in Yunnan itself.
My comment: There is no Chinese translation in Taiwan, and Taiwanese have not heard of this insurgency.
(iii) For Hui Rebellion, see Dungan revolt (1862–1877) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungan_revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)
(Location Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang; pacified by 左宗棠 [1812-1885; known simply as General Tso in the West; instrumental in putting down the Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)])
For its cause, see next.
(A) Ma Mingxin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Mingxin
(马明心; 1719-1781; Ma Mingxin's fifth generation descendant and the leader of Jahriyya, MA Hualong 馬化龍 [died 1871], was one of the chief leaders of the Dungan Revolt in Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Gansu in the 1860s)
(B) Dungan people http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungan_people
(a people who call themselves--and are called by Chinese and translated in Chinese languageas--Hui 回族; However, they are called "Dungan" by neighboring Turkic and Tajik peoples as well as by the Russians; section 1 History)
semu 色目 (because their eye colors are distinct from those of Han Chinese)
(iv) Sino-Dzungar War. From the nook itself, at page 254 http://books.google.com/books?id ... r%20War&f=false
((1755-1757; "The normadic horsemen of the central Asian steppe whom we've seen so far--such as Huns and Mongols--had been a continuous threat to civilization. Only a few chapters ago, horsemen such as the Manchus and Tatars were terrorizing China and Russia. Now guns had turned the tide against these normads, and their independence was being squeezed by the advancing civilization. The soldiers on the leading edge of civilization who pushed into the steppe were themselves usually only a few generations removed from the steppes--Turks, Cossacks, and in the case of China, the Manchus (see 'Collapse of the Ming Dynasty'). Emperor Qianlong brought theQing empire of Chinese to its widest extent by conquering al around the periphery of China, notably into the western desert in Xinjiang and the land of Dzungars.")
(A)
() "Xinjiang is divided into the Dzungarian Basin 準噶爾 盆地 in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south by a mountain range" 天山. Wikipedia.
() Dzungar people http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzungar_people
(Dzungar or Zunghar (Mongolian literally "Left hands"))
() Zunghar Khanate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunghar_Khanate
(covered the area called Dzungaria [ie Dzungarian Basin]; the 17th century–1756; annexed by the Qing Dynasty in 1756-59; section 1 Etyology: The word "Dzungar" is a compound of jegün, meaning "left" or "east" and γar meaning "hand" or "wing". (In the Mongolian language, "left" means "east" and "right" means "west")
section 2.8 Fall: "To commemorate his military victory, Qianlong established the Puning Temple 普寧寺 Complex of Chengde in 1755. Qianlong moved the remaining Zunghar people to the mainland and ordered the generals to kill all the men in Barkol [Kazakh Autonomous County] 新疆维吾尔自治区 巴里坤 哈萨克自治县 or Suzhou 甘肃省酒泉市 肃州区, and divided their wives and children to Qing soldiers. Qing scholar WEI Yuan 魏源 [1794-1857] estimated the total population of Zunghars before the fall at 600,000 people, or 200,000 households. In a widely cited account of the war, Wei Yuan wrote that about 40% of the Zunghar households were killed by smallpox, 20% fled to Russia or Kazakh tribes, and 30% were killed by the army, leaving no yurts in an area of several thousands li except those of the surrendered. Based on this account, Wen-Djang Chu wrote that 80% of the 600,000 or more Zunghars were destroyed by a combination of disease and warfare, which Michael Clarke described as 'the complete destruction of not only the Zunghar state but of the Zunghars as a people.' Historian Peter Perdue attributed the decimation of the Dzungars to an explicit policy of extermination launched by Qianlong, but he also observed signs of a more lenient policy after mid-1757. Mark Levene, a historian whose recent research interests focus on genocide, has stated that the extermination of the Dzungars was 'arguably the eighteenth century genocide par excellence.' The Manchus filled in the depopulated area with immigrants from many parts of their empire, but a century later the Muslim Rebellion [Dungan revolt (1862–1877)] ravaged the same region.
Quote: "He [White] has no college degree or formal training in history or statistics. He does not attend academic conferences or publish in scholarly journals. He does not visit archives, instead culling numbers from far-flung secondary sources during off hours from his job as a librarian at the federal courthouse in Richmond.
Note:
(a) The review mentioned "incipient Santa Claus beard."
incipient (adj; Latin incipient-, incipiens, present participle of incipere to begin — more at INCEPTION):
"beginning to come into being or to become apparent <an incipient solar system> <evidence of incipient racial tension>" www.m-w.com
(b) The review stated, "Mr White, for his part, may start arguments with his own equivalences, such as lumping the Jewish victims of the Holocaust in with the 66 million total deaths in World War II, his No 1 most horrible thing of all time."
For equivalence, see
equivalent (adj): "like in signification or import"