On Political Competition in Conventional and Modern Societies
Yin Baoyun
Abstract: Feudalism and centralized bureaucracy as traditional political models were designed to constrain and control the political competitions, while modern democracy (constitutionalism) is based on competition. The individual people, civic organizations, political parties, and the state institutions are all brought into a politically competing mechanism in the constitutionalism. The people's democracy or supervision, equality and justice, the aim of the centralization of the state, and all other bless are mainly the products of the competing machine. The reversal of the role of "competition" makes it difficulty to a traditional bureaucracy to change to a modern democracy through small reforms.
Keywords: Political competition, democracy, constitutionalism, centralized bureaucracy, feudalism