Note:
(a) 奥斯特洛夫斯基 Nikolai Ostrovsky http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ostrovsky
(1904-1936; best known for his renowned novel [a fictionalized autobiography] How the Steel Was Tempered 钢铁是怎样炼成的 on the Russian Civil War)
(i) Pavel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel
(a Slavic cognate of the name Paul)
(ii) temper (vt; from Latin temperare to moderate, mix, temper; probably akin to Latin tempor-, tempus time):
"4a(2): to harden (as steel) by reheating and cooling in oil
* * *
5: to make stronger and more resilient through hardship : toughen <troops tempered in battle>" http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/temper
(b) 保尔·柯察金 English: Pavel KORCHAGIN
Note:
(a) Gori, Georgia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gori,_Georgia
(The name is from Georgian gora, that is, "heap", or "hill"; a city; 76 kilometres (47 mi) west of Georgia's capital Tbilisi, at the confluence of the rivers Mtkvari and Greater Liakhvi)
(b) Braunau am Inn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braunau_am_Inn
(English: Braunau on the Inn; a town; by the River Inn)