(4) Drake Bennett, Building the World’s Biggest Boat. A brand-new behemoth prowls the sea. It’s the largest ship ever built and the most gigantic risk Maersk has ever taken. http://www.businessweek.com/arti ... worlds-biggest-boat
Note:
(a) This is the cover story. The cover is the frontal view of a Triple-E ship, emblazoned with “Holy Ship; Inside Maersk’s titanic bet on the biggest boat ever built.”
(b) “Geoje Island 巨濟島/市, where Okpo is situated, is the global capital of shipbuilding. On the other side of the island is the Samsung Heavy Industries yard. Up the coast is Ulsan, home of Hyundai Heavy Industries, the world’s largest shipmaker. DSME [acronym for Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Ltd], formerly part of the Daewoo conglomerate, is No 2. * * * They make $600 million drill ships, whose rotating azimuth thrusters can keep them hovering in place, hummingbird-like, in rough seas while boring exploratory wells in the ocean floor 6 miles below. To transport autos, the yards produce roll-on/roll-off ships”
(i) Okpo-dong
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okpo-dong
has no corresponding hanja.
(ii) Ulsan/Busan 釜山廣域市
(iii) drillship http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillship
(iv) azimuth thruster
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_thruster
(A) video of a miniature azimuth thruster:
View the graphic. Say, you are in Shanghai, looking in Taiwan’s direction. The angle, on the sea plane, between the north (exemplified by Polaris) and Taiwan is azimuth.
(v) roll-on/roll-off ship
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off_ship
(in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LOLO) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo; RORO vessels have built-in ramps that allow the [wheeled] cargo to be efficiently rolled on and off the vessel when in port)
(c) “the first Triple-E, the M/V Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller, named after the shipper’s former chief executive officer (and the son of its founder)”
Maersk
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maersk
(founded [in 1904] by captain Peter Mærsk-Møller and his son Arnold Peter Møller (1876-1965) in Svendborg, 1904. * * * AP Møller's second child was Arnold Mærsk McKinney Møller [1913-2012; CEO 1965-1993]”)
(d) "the first container ship sailed from Newark, NJ, to Houston carrying 58 containers * * * Freighters used to carry loose cargo in sacks and crates of various sizes, crammed into holds and piled on deck by stevedores. That began to change in 1956, when a Texas trucking magnate named Malcom McLean refitted an oil tanker with steel frames on its decks to stack shipping containers. * * * Maersk didn’t build its first container ship until 1973. It made up for its late start by buying up many of the pioneers, including McLean’s company, Sea-Land.”
(i) container ship
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_ship
(The first commercially successful container ship was the Ideal X, a [converted] T2 tanker, owned by Malcom McLean, which carried 58 metal containers between Newark, New Jersey and Houston, Texas on its first voyage on Apr 26, 1956)
(ii) hold (n; alteration of hole; First Known Use 1591):
“1: the interior of a ship below decks; especially : the cargo deck of a ship
2: the cargo compartment of a plane” www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hold
(iii) stevedore (n; Spanish estibador, from estibar to pack):
“one who works at or is responsible for loading and unloading ships in port” www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stevedore
stevedore
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevedore
(docker, longshoreman)
(iv) Sea-Land Service
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea-Land_Service
(founded by Malcom McLean in 1960; after various changes of ownership: The international liner company and Sea-Land name was acquired by AP Moller-Maersk Group in 1999)
(e) “cargo vessels run on ‘bunker fuel,’ a thick, tar-like substance that’s much dirtier than gasoline or jet fuel. It’s what’s left over, along with asphalt, when everything else is distilled out of petroleum. A 100,000-horsepower engine such as the one in Maersk’s 15,500-TEU E-class—until now the biggest ships in the world—burns 33,000 gallons a day. Fuel costs for a one-way trip from Rotterdam to Shanghai can easily reach $2.5 million.
(i) fuel oil
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil
(section 2 Bunker fuel)
(ii) Mærsk E-class container ship
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6rsk_E-class_container_ship
(Each sister ship bear names beginning with the letter "E;" the first (Emma) of 8 ships was built in 2006 and teh last, Eugene, 2008)
(iii) Maersk Triple E class
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maersk_Triple_E_class
(The name "Triple E" is derived from the class's three design principles: "Economy of scale, Energy efficient and Environmentally improved")
(f) “‘What we do is make a high-level description of the ship,’ [Maersk project manager for the Triple-E Michael] Heimann says, “and then the shipyard does the detailed design.”DSME’s naval architects spent the next year turning the long list of specifications into a blueprint. * * * Steel plates and bars and tubing were cut with plasma torches, bent, and fused together into Lego-like basic building blocks, 425 per ship. Those blocks were then lifted into place by cranes and welded into 21 megablocks or “rings”—cross-sections of the ship—or assemblies such as the bridge tower or the engine-room casing. Much of the megablock construction takes place at subcontractor yards, and at a DSME shipyard in Shandong, China. Heavy-lift ships—low-slung vessels designed to carry oil platforms and other gargantuan structures—ferry the megablocks across the East China Sea to Okpo.”
(i) The German surname Heimann is “from a pet form of Heinrich.” The Jewish surname Hyman is “Americanized variant of Heiman, which could be altered spelling of Heimann.
(ii) Compare
(A) plasma torch
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_torch
with
(B) oxy-fuel welding and cutting
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting
(French engineers Edmond Fouché and Charles Picard became the first to develop oxygen-acetylene welding in 1903)
(iii) shipbuilding
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilding
(section 2.2 Modern shipbuilding manufacturing techniques:
(iv) Samsung's 'Mega-Block' Revolution. www.ttsgroup.com/upload/TTS_HS_PDFs/TTS_HS_Mega-Block.pdf
(“A key strategic element in SHI's [where SHI stands for Samsung Heavy Industries] concept of afloat building was to reduce dock time by building ships in blocks much larger than it had ever attempted. Previously the yard typically built large ships from about 130 blocks, each weighing some 200 to 250 tons. Today the yard assembles ships from ten mega-blocks - eight hull blocks plus the accommodations and funnel blocks - weighing between 2,000 and 2,500 tons apiece”)
(v) New Technologies: Mega-block construction method. SHI, undated (animation). www.shi.samsung.co.kr/Eng/product/tech_prd01.aspx
(vi) Tugboat. Tsuji Heavy Industries (Jiangsu) Co, Ltd (江苏省张家港市), undated www.tsuji-hi.com.cn/english/product.asp?classid=2&sclassid=4
(two photos: an empty tugboat and a tugboat laden with two megablocks)
(A) Its parent company, Tsuji Heavy Industries Co, Ltd (Osaka), declared bankruptcy in 2008.
(B) tsuji 辻 (n): “crossroads”
(g) "Occasionally part of the yard’s megablock skyline will slowly shift as a structure is taken from storage to the docks via special movers—broad, beetle-like trucks. * * * The final assembly process has the simplicity of a child’s model. The keel-laying starts in DSME’s dry dock and then moves to its floating dock, a 436-meter-long high-sided raft that can be flooded to allow the finished vessel to float out. One by one the blocks are put in place by barge cranes whose massive arms can lift 3,600 tons. * * * Then a Goliath gantry crane on rails picks up the ring and maneuvers it into position—it’s accurate to a 4-millimeter tolerance. Workers rise from the floor in boom lifts to start welding the pieces together. Even as the hull blocks are being lowered in, the already completed section is having the lashing bridges—the frames along which the containers will be stacked on deck—dropped in and affixed. After the hull is completed and painted, the ship is launched, and workers turn their attention from the ship’s exterior to its interior.
(i) “a structure is taken from storage to the docks via special movers—broad, beetle-like trucks.”
(A) That is “shipyard transporters.” Go to images.google.com to see them.
(B) See also
85-ton, 155-foot bridge girders roll into Port Angeles. Peninsula Daily News, Apr 2, 2008 www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20080402/NEWS/804020302
(view the photo only)
(ii) drydock
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drydock
(section 2 type)
(A) section 2.2 Floating drydock: "A floating drydock is a type of pontoon for dry docking ships, possessing floodable buoyancy chambers and a "U"-shaped cross-section. The walls are used to give the drydock stability when the floor or deck is below the surface of the water. When valves are opened, the chambers fill with water, causing the drydock to float lower in the water. The deck becomes submerged and this allows a ship to be moved into position inside. When the water is pumped out of the chambers, the drydock rises and the ship is lifted out of the water on the rising deck, allowing work to proceed on the ship's hull."
(B) gempop4, Floating Drydock in Action. YouTube.com, uploaded on Oct 28, 2007. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hfj3jSa4htc
was the opposite, in which a completed hull is moved into a floating drydock for launch into the brown water (to be outfitted there). BusinessWeek’s description quoted in (g) is more like that in YouTube.com.
(iii) “One by one the blocks are put in place by barge cranes whose massive arms can lift 3,600 tons.”
Building A Ship... Megablock Time-Lapse. uploaded by gCaptain.com on May 10, 2009.
vimeo.com/4581788
(iv) For "boom lift," see cherry picker
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picker
(A) boom
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom
(may refer to: The arm of a crane)
(B) boom (n; Dutch, tree, beam; akin to Old High German boum tree — more at BEAM):
"3a : a long beam projecting from the mast of a derrick to support or guide cargo
b : a long more or less horizontal supporting arm or brace (as for holding a microphone)" www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/boom
(v) “the lashing bridges—the frames along which the containers will be stacked on deck”
(A) lash
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lashing
Lash or Lashing may refer to: “Lashing (ropework), a means of attaching two or more objects with rope”)
(B) Lashing Bridges. Cargotec, undated www.cargotec.com/en-global/macgr ... /Pages/default.aspx
shows two photos: the top one a lashing bridge with lashed containers, and the bottom one, lashing bridges atop an empty container ship.
Quote: “The container is a weak box loaded with heavy cargo inside and above. With support from lashings the container is further stabilised and higher containers loads can be achieved. Stack weight and stack height on deck and on hatch covers is limited by the standard strength and available arrangement of lashings, as well as by the standard strength of containers. With lashing bridges, the lashing can be applied at higher tiers in the stack, thus giving container stacks an even greater degree of stability. With an optimised lashing bridge design, higher tiers and higher total loading capacities can be achieved, fully utilising the vessel’s cargo potential.
(C) A Master's Guide to Container Security. Lloyd’s Register, undated. www.lr.org/Images/AMastersGuidet ... g_tcm155-175167.pdf
* “A lashing bridge is a fixed structure.” page 5
* Page 18 displays a photo of “lashing rod.”
* Page 23, in a sketch at the left upper corner, demonstrates how lashing rods are used.
* Page 28, in the bottom sketch shows a (yellow) lashing bridge with lashed containers.
(h) “The Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller left on its maiden voyage from Busan on July 15 [2013], calling at Shanghai’s Yanshan [sic] Port, the largest in the world, then proceeding south to Ningbo, Yantian, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia’s Tanjung Pelepas. On Aug. 9 it passed through the Suez Canal, and a week later it arrived in Rotterdam”
(i) Yanshan Port 洋山深水港
(ii) Yangtian Port, in 深圳市 盐田区
(iii) Port of Tanjung Pelepas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas
See the map in
(iv) Tanjung Pelepas Port, Johor.
mcleon.tripod.com/pelepas/pelepas.htm
, and you will realize that the Malaysian port is to the left of, and across the river from, Singapore.