俄美外交80年 从未相互为敌

choi

VOA Chinese, Nov 20, 2013.
http://www.voachinese.com/content/russia-us-20131120/1793943.html

Note:
(a) "11月16日是俄罗斯同美国建交80周年纪念日。十月革命之后，美国一直拒绝承认布尔什维克政府。直到1933年10月，当时的美国总统罗斯福和苏联领导人加里宁相互通信表达了建立外交关系的愿望。 * * * 但外交界人士说，这只不过是两国重新恢复了外交关系。因为在更早的1807年，沙皇俄国就同美国建立了外交关系。阿拉斯加曾是19世纪俄美关系的一个主要议题。美国是西方大国中最后一个承认布尔什维克共产党政权的国家。"
(i) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1982-1945; president 1933-1945)
(ii) Recognition of the Soviet Union, 1933. US Department of State, undated (in the section Milestones: 1921-1936)
http://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/ussr
(ended almost 16 years of American non-recognition of the Soviet Union; an unsigned letter from Roosevelt to the Soviet Union’s official head of state, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, Mikhail Kalinin)

Quote: "On December 6, 1917, the U.S. Government broke off diplomatic relations with Russia, shortly after the Bolshevik Party seized power from the Tsarist regime after the 'October Revolution.' President Woodrow Wilson decided to withhold recognition at that time because the new Bolshevik government had refused to honor prior debts to the United States incurred by the Tsarist government, ignored pre-existing treaty agreements with other nations, and seized American property in Russia following the October Revolution."

(iii) Mikhail Kalinin (1875-1946; nominal head of state of Russia and later of the Soviet Union 1919-1946)  Wikipedia
(iv) A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, Since 1776: Russia. US Department of State, undated
http://history.state.gov/countries/russia
("Russia recognized the United States on October 28, 1803, when Czar Alexander I issued a ukase declaring his decision to recognize Levett Harris as American Consul at St Petersburg")

Yes, 1803.

(b) "俄罗斯著名的美国与加拿大研究所所长罗戈夫发表文章说，在21世纪，美国的主要竞争对手是中国而不是俄罗斯。"
(i) Institute for the US and Canadian Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
http://www.iskran.ru/engl/index-en.html
(In the Web page for "Institute Structure" (found in the left column of the home page): "Director[:] Prof Dr Sergei Rogov, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences)
(ii) Institute for the US and Canadian Studies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ins ... nd_Canadian_Studies
(Established 1967; Location Moscow)

(c) "俄罗斯前外长伊万诺夫也在官方的俄罗斯报上撰文"
(i) Igor Ivanov
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Ivanov(1945-; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Russia 1998-2004 under presidents Yelsin and Putin)
(ii) 俄罗斯报  Rossiyskaya Gazeta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta
(daily; Owner Government of Russia; Founded 1990; Language Russia; Headquarters Moscow)

(d) "官方的俄罗斯电视台引述美国驻俄罗斯大使麦克福尔的话说，双方之间的利益吻合点要远远多于分歧。"
(i) 俄罗斯电视台  All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All ... roadcasting_Company
(acronym: VGTRK)
(ii) US ambassador to Russia Michael McFaul (2012- )