The Strange Lives of Queen Elizabeth’s Roman Catholics

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English papists | In God We Trust; The strange lives of Queen Elizabeth’s Roman Catholics. Economist, Mar 8, 2014
www.economist.com/news/books-and ... holics-god-we-trust   
(book review on Jessie Childs, God’s Traitors; Terror and faith in Elizabethan England. Bodley Head, 2014)
Note:
(1)
(a) papist (n): "usually disparaging : ROMAN CATHOLIC"
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/papist
(b) In God We Trust
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_God_we_trust
(2) "Queen Elizabeth I vowed 'not to make windows into men’s hearts and secret thoughts.' According to government policy, an Englishman’s inner beliefs were a private matter. However, there is no evidence that Elizabeth actually said these words; the quote comes from her principal secretary, Francis Bacon. It is spin. Catholics were distrusted, spied on, harassed and penalised, often unjustly, as Jessie Childs’s excellent new book lays out.
(a) Elizabeth I  of England (1533-1603; reign 1558-1603)  Wikipedia
(b) Francis Bacon
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon
(1561-1626)
(c) The quotation "not to make windows into men’s hearts and secret thoughts":

Richard C McCoy, Shakespearean Tragedy and Religious Identity, in Richard Dutton and ‎Jean E Howard (eds), A Companion to Shakespeare's Works. Vol I, The Tragedies. Blackwell Publishing, 2008, at 179-180
books.google.com/books?id=nothdtzMTRgC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=%22not+to+make+windows+into+men%E2%80%99s+hearts+and+secret+thoughts%22&source=bl&ots=wg3GVIAI7T&sig=S62vFhekUZAIeNB2f1EuCu_E2UE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ap0jU7q5Ecuu0AGd1IG4CA&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22not%20to%20make%20windows%20into%20men%E2%80%99s%20hearts%20and%20secret%20thoughts%22&f=false
("Queen Elizabeth herself was never keenly interested in probing the gap between inward and outward in order to determine her subjects' religious identity. She began her reign resolved, in the famous words of Francis Bacon, not to 'make windows into men's hearts and secret thoughts' (Guy 1988: 296). She imposed a Protestant religious settlement less radical and more ambiguous than Edward's. Elizabeth suppressed the host's elevation as a form of Catholic idolatry, but her version of The Book of Common Prayer (1559) omitted the Black Rubric in Edward's 1552 prayer book denying 'any real and essential presence' in the eucharist (Dickens 1964: 243, 280-3). * * * Moreover, the queen's excommunication in 1571 and the growing belligerence of Catholic adversaries furhter polarized confessional conflicts and threats of conspiracy, assassination, and invasion prompted growing paranoia about religious identity. Even s, stricter church discipline still focused on outward conformity rather than internal identity, placing 'emphasis on actions rather than thoughts, public worship rather than private prayer' (Litzenberger 1998: 152). Elizabeth remained reluctant to 'make windows into men's hearts and secret thoughts'”)
(i) The book cited Guy, John GUY, Tudor England. Oxford University Press, 1988
, which is not available online for free, even for page 296 alone.
(ii) Edward VI of England
(1537-1553 (aged 15); reign 1547-1553; son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; England's first monarch raised as a Protestant)  wikipedia
(iii) "the queen's excommunication in 1571"

Elizabethan Religious Settlement
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement
(was set out in two Acts of the Parliament of England: The Act of Supremacy of 1558 and the Act of Uniformity of 1559; The Papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, [the name came for the first three words of the document, in Latin] issued on Feb 25, 1570 by Pope Pius V)

(d) Francis Bacon in his own words:

The Works of Lord Bacon with an Introductory Essay, and a Portrait. Vol 1, London: William Ball, Paternoster Row, 1838, at 387
books.google.com/books?id=htUcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA387&lpg=PA387&dq=not+to+make+windows+into+men%E2%80%99s+hearts+and+secret+thoughts+bacon&source=bl&ots=Eith8bH4oY&sig=Qfwx0okfDmPd4NJcX0WauYJHoWU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b6MjU9S6F8Sd0gHZs4CIAQ&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=not%20to%20make%20windows%20into%20men%E2%80%99s%20hearts%20and%20secret%20thoughts%20bacon&f=false
("her proceedings towards the papists were with great lenity, expecting the good effects which time might work in them. * * * but contrariwise [to her father, Henry VIII; her mother being ], her Majesty not liking to make windows into men’s hearts and secret thoughts, except the abundance of them did overflow into overt and express acts and affirmations, tempered her law so, as it restraineth only manifest disorbedience in impugning and impeaching advisedly and ambiguously her Majesty's supreme power, and maintaining and extolling a foreign jurisdiction")
(3) "Ms Childs, a British historian, examines one aristocratic family in the Midlands from 1570 to the gunpowder plot in 1605. The Vauxes were not only papists, they were recusants—that is, they refused to go to church on Sundays with their fellow countrymen and stayed at home instead. To the queen’s more zealous pen-pushers, this could only mean treachery. Officials of her successor, James I, thought there had to be a link to the terrorist Guy Fawkes (Vaux was pronounced Vorks). The climate of fear and suspicion was not without reason. In 1570 the pope declared that Roman Catholics should not obey the queen’s laws or commandments. Many assassination attempts were made on the monarch’s life. The most serious was in 1605, when Fawkes tried to blow up Parliament and wipe out London’s entire political elite in one blast."
(a) The Midlands
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Midlands
(b)
(i) Baron Vaux of Harrowden
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Vaux_of_Harrowden
(a title in the Peerage of England; created in 1523 for Sir Nicholas Vaux; "The Vaux family owned Great Harrowden Hall [at Great Harrowden, a village in Northamptonshire-- the population is approximately 70] until 1695 when they sold it * * * Two centuries later, the seventh Baron Vaux was able to buy back the Hall")
(ii) The French, English, and Scottish surname Vaux: "name from any of various places in northern France called Vaux, from the Old French plural of val ‘valley’"
(c) recusant (n; from Latin): "(in 16th to 18th century England) a Roman Catholic who did not attend the services of the Church of England, as was required by law"
www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/recusant
(d)
(i) pen pusher (n; First Known Use 1911): "PENCIL PUSHER"
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pen-pusher
(ii) pencil pusher (n; First Known Use 1881): "a person who does predominantly paperwork"
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pencil+pusher
(e)
(i) Guy Fawkes
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes
(1570-1606; Catholic; Gunpowder Plot, on Nov 5, 1605)
(ii) The English surnames Fawkes/Faulks: "from the Anglo-Norman French personal name Fau(l)ques (oblique case Fau(l)que), originally a Germanic byname meaning ‘falcon'"

(4) "The government came to fear that Jesuit clerics were in cahoots with the pope. So interacting with a foreign popish priest was made illegal, as was converting someone to Catholicism. The very act of 'persuasion' was treason. The result? Priests were smuggled aboard ships [into England] dressed as sailors. They lodged in Catholic households like the Vauxes’ and conducted mass on the quiet. A secret network of undercover clergymen emerged, ready to flee in the middle of the night if necessary. Priest-hunters launched dawn raids. One priest went on the run disguised as a jewel merchant; he admitted his costume was 'very ridiculous.' Another was required to hide beneath a chimney for four days with nothing to eat but a couple of biscuits and some quince jam. Hidden compartments, trapdoors and fake walls proliferated. This was a time when an Englishman’s home was not his castle."
(a) popish (adj; from the word pope; First Known Use 1528): "often disparaging : Roman Catholic"
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/popish
(b) castle doctrine
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_doctrine
(The term derives from the historic English common law dictum that "an Englishman's home is his castle". This concept was established as English law by 17th century jurist Sir Edward Coke, in his The Institutes of the Laws of England, 1628)
(i) Sir Edward's words in the treatise: "For a man's house is his castle, et domus sua cuique est tutissimum refugium [and each man's home is his safest refuge]."

That is Latin.
(ii) The English surname Coke is pronounced the same as--because it is a variant of--another English surname Cook.
(c) In 1763, British prime minister William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham, also known as Pitt the Elder said:

"The poorest man may in his cottage bid defiance to all the forces of the crown. It may be frail - its roof may shake - the wind may blow through it - the storm may enter - the rain may enter - but the King of England cannot enter."