Battle of Waterloo

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(1) Battle of Waterloo. Encyclopaedia Britannica, undated
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/637470/Battle-of-Waterloo

Note:
(a) A map incorporates La Haye Sainte, Hougoumont and Plancenoit (a village).
(b) Click the map or a gallery.

(2) Nathan D Jensen, Battle of Waterloo; Also known as: Mont St Jean; June 18, 1815. Arc de Triomphe, undated.
www.arcdetriomphe.info/battles/waterloo/
(“Most of the Prussian Army slipped away to do battle at Waterloo while the French right wing fought a token force at Wavree")

Note: Click icons in the the interactive maps.


(3) The Battle of Waterloo. BBC, undated.
www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/em ... e_waterloo_01.shtml

"Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, had never been beaten by the French * * * Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher was the commander of the Prussian army. He was 72 at the time of the Battle of Waterloo and the only man to have beaten Napoleon more than once [but lost some other battles].

"His [Napoleon's] battle plan was to mount an offensive attack on the Allied troops gathering in Belgium and to destroy them. In order to do this he wanted to divide the armies before defeating them separately,

"Observing that his troops were outnumbered by the French, Wellington decided that his best plan was to stand firm until the Prussians could come to his aid.

Note: "At Ligny, the Prussian army occupied strongholds of walled gardens, stone houses and farmhouses and lined up on the forward slope of the Ligny Brook with the right guarding the villages of St Armand and St Armand Haye. Heavy fighting ensued with casualties on both sides, but the Prussians were forced to commit more and more troops. Although the French were victorious, they failed to totally destroy the Prussian army. They were able to retreat, albeit with numerous injured and dead, north to Wavre (about 18 kilometres east of Waterloo) Napoleon had succeeded in his aim of keeping the two Allied armies apart but mistakenly believed the Prussians were defeated. He was confident that Wellington could also be defeated."

This paragraph talks about Battle of Ligny
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny
("In contrast to Blücher's forces, the left [sic, should be 'right' French Marshal Grouchy and Prussian Blücher are to the east of Napoleon] wing of Napoleon's army did not join the decisive engagement. The battle of Ligny is a prime example of a tactical win and a strategic loss. However, had the right wing of Napoleon's army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the British Army under Wellington at Waterloo, as the Emperor had planned, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign")
on June 16, 1815, two days before Bale of Waterloo. All accounts except this BBC essay remark Prussians was defeated--BBC dances around this word--in this battle.