加州最高法院追認已故華裔張康仁律師執照

choi

Maura Dolan, Ruling Gives Posthumous Law License to Victim of Anti-Chinese 1890s. Los Angles Times, Mar 17, 2015.
www.latimes.com/local/california ... 20150317-story.html

Quote:

"In a nine-page ruling, [on Monday, Mar 16, 2015] the state's highest court [California Supreme Court] repudiated its 1890 decision denying [Hong Yen] CHANG a license [to practice law] because 'persons of the Mongolian race' were not entitled to citizenship.

"The 1890 California ruling had denied Chang a law license under the federal Chinese Exclusion Act, which Congress passed at California's urging and which the US Supreme Court upheld. It barred citizenship for the 'Mongolian race' and imposed a 10-year ban on Chinese immigration. Because citizenship or eligibility for citizenship was required for a California law license, Chang had to be excluded, the court said in its infamous ruling.

"In 1898, the US Supreme Court ruled in another case that most everyone born in the US was automatically a citizen. In 1918, 28 years after Chang's rejection, the California bar admitted Chan Chung Wing as the first Asian American admitted to practice in California, according to a state bar spokeswoman. Wing was born in Napa.

"Chang had emigrated from China in 1872 as part of an educational program to teach Chinese youth about the West. He attended prestigious schools in the East and eventually graduated from Columbia University law school. * * * The New York bar admitted Chang in 1888, making him the first Chinese lawyer in the nation.

"The California Supreme Court [in 1890] found Chang qualified to practice law but said the New York court erred when it naturalized him. That was impossible under the Chinese Exclusion Act, the court said. * * * A 1972 California Supreme Court decision also struck down the bar's citizenship requirement.

Note:
(a) Maura DOLAN
(i) Maura (given name)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maura_(given_name)
(is an Anglicisation of Máire, the Irish form of Mary)
(ii) Dolan is an Irish surname.

(b) ""In 1898, the US Supreme Court ruled in another case that most everyone born in the US was automatically a citizen."

United States v Wong Kim Ark (1898) 169 US 649 (interpreting Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment)
(i) The clause says, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
(ii) WONG Kim Ark  黃 金德 (born in San Francisco in 1873, 1871, or 1868--depending on sources)

(c) ""Chang had emigrated from China in 1872 as part of an educational program to teach Chinese youth about the West."

Chinese Educational Mission (1872-1881)
(d) Jessie Liang 梁秋玉, 加州最高法院追認已故華裔張康仁律師執照. KTSF26, Mar 16, 2015.
www.ktsf.com/chinese-law-pioneer-granted-to-california-bar/
(張康仁的曾外甥女張慧珍)
(e) 張康仁
zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/张康仁
(1860年－1926年; 英文名Henry Chang，當時所用中文名拼音：Hong Yen Chang，廣東香山南平鄉人)

Hong Yen CHANG: "Hong Yen" is Cantonese pronunciation for 康仁--but "Chang" is not.