(b) "It is reminiscent of old photographs of European shipbuilding towns on rivers whose names are redolent of their history: in Britain, the Clyde, Tyne, Wear, Tees or Mersey."
(i) Clyde is NOT a place name in UK.
River Clyde
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Clyde
(Flowing through the major city of Glasgow, it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire; section 2.2 Shipbuilding and marine engineering)
The origin and meaning of Clyde is unknown, the Web says. But see (iii)(A).
(ii) River Tyne
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Tyne
(section 2 Origins of name)
section 1 Port of Tyne: “With its proximity to surrounding coalfields, the Tyne was a major route for the export of coal from the 13th century until the decline of the coal mining industry in North East England in the second half of the 20th century. * * * The lower reaches of the Tyne were, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, one of the world's most important centres of shipbuilding, and there are still shipyards in South Shields and Hebburn to the south of the river.)
(iii) River Wear
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Wear
(view the map, which shows River Tyne is to the north; In their time, Wearside shipbuilders were some of the most famous and productive shipyards in the world)
(A) list of United Kingdom county name etymologies
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_county_name_etymologies
(table: “Tyne and Wear [Established:] 1974 [Derivation:] Area between the River Tyne and River Wear. Tyne is an alternative Brythonic word for 'river' and Wear is a Brythonic word meaning 'water' ")
(B) Common Brittonic
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Brittonic
(was "[t]he language of the Celtic people known as the Britons * * * Common Brittonic was later replaced in most of Scotland by Gaelic and south of the Firth of Forth also by Old English * * * The Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain [and Old English with it] during the 500s marked the beginning of a decline in the language")
(C) Britons (Celtic people)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)
("The Britons were the people who spoke the Insular Celtic language known as Common Brittonic. * * * The relationship of the Britons to the Picts north of the Forth has been the subject of much discussion")
These are ancient Britons, not to be confused with modern Britons. See British people
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_people
("British people, or Britons * * * are nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, Crown Dependencies; and their descendants. * * * When used in a historical context, British people refers to the ancient Britons [hyperlink to 'Britons (Celtic people)'], the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain south of the Forth")
(iv) River Tees is further south from River Wear. The three rivers (Tyne, Wear and Tees--from north to south, in that order) are relatively parallel to one another.
(A) South Bank, North Yorkshire
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bank,_North_Yorkshire
(a suburb of Middlesbrough; on the south bank of the River Tees [Middileborough is a town also in the county of North Yorkshire, also on south bank of the river]; section 2.1 Shipbuilding)
(B) Place-Name Meanings T to Y. In Roots of the Region (a tag in the left table). England's North East (curated by David Simpson), undated.
www.englandsnortheast.co.uk/PlaceNameMeaningsTtoY.html
Quote: "TEES, RIVER (COUNTY DURHAM)[:] are generally much older than place names and are often the most ancient and most myseterious [sic] names in the landscape. British place names and river names have their origins in six major language types. These languages starting with the most recent and working back are Norman-French, Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Roman, Celtic and Pre-Celtic. River names are usually Celtic or pre-Celtic. The ancient Celtic name Wear, for example may mean 'Water' or 'River that flows like blood'' while Tyne, along with Team, Tame, Thames and Avon are thought to simply mean 'River.['] These river names occur in many different forms throughout the country and Avon is still used in Wales as a word for river in the form 'Afon,' where for example Afon Gwy means River Wye. The name of the River Tees is thought to originate from the time of the Celtic speaking Ancient Britons whose language was similar to present day Welsh. Its name is thought to be related to the ancient Welsh 'Tes' meaning 'sunshine and heat' and is likely to mean 'the boiling, surging water.' 'Boiling' is perhaps a description of the many waterfalls and rapids found in the upper part of Teesdale. A separate theory claims that Tees is a name of pre-Celtic origin, but the pre-Celtic languages of Britain are highly mysterious and often quite unrelated to any modern day tongue."
(v) River Mersey
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Mersey
("a river in North West England. Its name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon language and translates as 'boundary river' * * * Docks were developed along with a shipbuilding industry"/ section 1 Etymology)
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发表于 6-15-2015 17:51:50
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