Yale Alumni Magazine, May/June 2023

choi

(1) Mark Alden Branch '86, Escape to New Haven. (in the column "old yale" (sic) )
https://yalealumnimagazine.org/articles/5659-escape-to-new-haven
("Upon the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II sought his revenge. Of the 59 who had signed the warrant, 21 were [had been (for whatever reasons unrelated to Charles II)] dead by the time of the restoration. Of those still living, 25 were found guilty of treason. Nine were executed")

(2) Jacob Romm '18, Twice as Old as Gutenberg Bible. (with subtitle "Object lesson"/ in the column "art & culture")
https://yalealumnimagazine.org/a ... the-gutenberg-bible

Note:
(a) "Only two permanent exhibits grace the Beinecke Library
s magnificent mezzanine, which is lit by the glowing veins of enormous marble windows. To the left of the main entrance, visitors can find John James Audubon's original Birds of North America—two massive volumes of watercolors. A small bronze case to the right housed, until recently, both volumes of Johannes Gutenberg's 1455 Bible. * * * The -updated] note [to Yale Gutenberg Bible] now acknowledges not only Donatus, the Latin textbook Gutenberg probably printed before embarking on the massive Bible project"
(i)
(A) Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be ... _Manuscript_Library
(1963- )

A photo in this page has the caption: "Sunlight through the building's marble panels supplements the interior's artificial lighting." That is the mezzanine, with artificial lighting from the ceiling (via round holes) and above book cases. Take notice of the sunlight through Vermont marble panels on the windowless side walls. Search images.google.com for strong sunlight through marble panels.
(B) Beinecke Library has a web page that says, "Together with the entrance level, the mezzanine functions as a showcase for rotating exhibits that highlight the Beinecke's rich collections."
(ii) Gutenberg Bible
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible
("Latin Vulgate" by Gerome in 382; printed in Mainz (pronunciation: ˈmīnts); "The most reliable information about the Bible's date comes from a letter. In March 1455, the future Pope Pius II wrote that he had seen pages from the Gutenberg Bible, being displayed to promote the edition, in Frankfurt. * * * somewhere between 160 and 185 copies were printed, with about three-quarters on paper and the others on vellum")
(iii)
(A) The Birds of America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birds_of_America
(table: Illustrator  John James Audubon [born in France and changed name upon arrival in America]/ "It was first published as a series in sections between 1827 and 1838, in Edinburgh and London. * * * The work consists of 435 hand-coloured, life-size prints, made from engraved plates * * * The original edition of The Birds of America (sometimes called the Havell Edition after its printer, and sometimes called the 'Double Elephant Folio,' because of its size) was printed on handmade paper 39.5 inches tall by 28.5 inches wide") (footnot omitted)

Throughout the page, either four or five volumes are mentioned, never two volumes. So I check the Yale source: It turns out that the writer of this Yale article is wrong; Yale has two copies, each four volumes. See next.
(B) The Birds of America; from Original Drawings by John James Audubon.  London: Published by the author, 1827-38.
https://beineckeaudubon.yale.edu/
("Call Number: SSy13g 31 Copies 1 & 2; provenance of Yale’s copies)  Among the most significant American books of the 19th Century, Audubon's The Birds of America is extraordinary in several ways. The enormous 4 volume 'Double Elephant Folio' carefully and accurately documents more than 430 species of American birds in life-size prints, making it an important work of natural history and scientific observation. Based on Audubon's dynamic original paintings, each image was printed from an etched copper plate, and each print was then hand-colored with watercolor paints")
(iv)
(A) Johannes Gutenberg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg
("Some printed editions of Ars Minor, a schoolbook on Latin grammar by Aelius Donatus, may have been printed by Gutenberg; these have been dated either 1451–52 or 1455.   In 1455, Gutenberg completed copies of a beautifully executed folio Bible (Biblia Sacra), with 42 lines on each page")
(B) Latin-English dictionary:
* ars (noun feminine): "art"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ars


(b) "a single printed scroll, part of an edition known as the Hyakumanto Dharani. One million copies of this set of short Buddhist texts were commissioned by the Japanese Empress Shotoku around 770 CE * * * Although the dharani displayed at Beinecke is written in the Chinese script, the characters represent sounds [such as 陀羅尼] rather than words. * * * Though this was not the first use of print technology for mass-producing texts, it is the earliest currently extant printed text that can be reliably dated.   Four of these pagodas and prayer scrolls were acquired by Asakawa Kan'ichi [朝河 貫一 (both 朝 and 浅 share the same Japanese pronunciation; Asahi Shimbun 朝日新聞)] '02PhD, a history professor and curator of Yale's East Asian collections, in 1934."
(i)
(A) Hyakumantō Dharani  百万塔陀羅尼
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyakumantō_Darani
, where hyaku, man, tō are respective Chinese pronunciations of kanji 百, 万, 塔.
(B) dhāraṇī
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharani
(chant; section 1 Etymology and nomenclature: Sanskrit)
(ii) Empress Kōken  孝謙天皇
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Kōken
(749-758; her second reign as Empress Shōtoku 称徳天皇 764-77- when she died)


(c) "Woodblock printing (sometimes called xylography) emerged in the Tang dynasty of China between 712 and 756, followed by movable porcelain and metal type in the eleventh and twelfth centuries."
(i) movable type
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_type
("The world's first movable type printing technology for paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng [毕昇] * * * The oldest extant book printed with movable metal type, Jikji, was printed in Korea in 1377 during the Goryeo dynasty.")
(ii) Jikji
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikji
(UNESCO confirmed Jikji as the world's oldest metalloid type in September 2001 and includes it in the Memory of the World [MOW] Programme. * * * For alphabetic scripts, movable-type page setting was quicker than woodblock printing. The metal type pieces were more durable and the lettering was more uniform, leading to typography and fonts. The high quality and relatively low price of the Gutenberg Bible (1455) established the superiority of movable type in Europe")

full title in hanja and Revised Romanization: 白雲和尙抄錄佛祖直指心體要節 Baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol, where 直指 is jikji; 직 jik 直.

My guess is that Yale does not have Jikji, and does not mention it therefore.