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本帖最后由 choi 于 2-16-2025 13:34 编辑
Harold Holzer, Abraham Lincoln, Supermodel; For all his modesty and wartime preoccupation, the 16th president was one of the most photographed men of his time, with a canny sense of the political power of images. Wall Street journal, Feb 14, 2025.
https://www.wsj.com/arts-culture ... supermodel-b5c0cbed
Note:
(a) painter "Francis B Carpenter, who had just arrived in Washington to paint a canvas celebrating the Emancipation Proclamation. * * * The sitting there [at photographer Mathew Brady's studio] yielded seven magisterial poses[:] * * * Two of the photos would later adorn the $5 bill, while another would grace the copper penny."
(i) Francis Bicknell Carpenter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bicknell_Carpenter
("is best known for his painting First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, which is hanging in the United States Capitol"/ section 4 First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln: "On July 12, 1864, Lincoln led his cabinet into the State Dining Room to view the completed work")
The "completed work" alludes to the painting, not Emancipation Proclamation which was issued on Sept 22, 1862.
(ii) United States five-dollar bill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill
(photo caption: "Mathew Brady's February 9, 1864, portrait of Lincoln is used for the current $5 bill (series 1999 issue and later)" )
(iii) "another would grace the copper penny"
(A)
(B) penny
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny
("A penny is a coin (pl.: pennies) or a unit of currency (pl.: pence)"/ section 2 History, section 2.4 United States: "The United States' cent, popularly known as the 'penny' since the early 19th century,[6] began with the unpopular copper chain cent in 1793.[23] Abraham Lincoln was the first historical figure to appear on a US coin when he was portrayed on the one-cent coin to commemorate his 100th birthday")
Please read the entire introduction of Lincoln cent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_cent
(" * * * are called cents because the United States has always minted coins using decimals. The penny nickname is a carryover from the coins struck in England, which went to decimals for coins in 1971"/ section 1 wheat cent (1909-1958 section 1.2 design process key terms: the two leftmost images, whose captions are, respectively: "Brenner's 1907 plaque of Abraham Lincoln" and " 'The Penny Profile' photo, February 9, 1864")
The first sentence ("are called cents because the United States has always minted coins using decimals") in the quotation gives you a false impression that Americans coined the word cent, though in fact "cent" (lust like "penny") also came from British English, and is traced back to Latin. See
English dictionary:
* cent (n; from Middle English cent, from Old French [numerical masculine] cent [one hundred], from Latin [numerical] centum [one hundred; abbreviation: C])
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cent
* penny (n; etymology: ultimately from Old English, not Latin)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penny
(iv) Mathew Brady
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady
("Known as one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history, he is best known for his scenes of the Civil War" including those photographs of dead bodies taken after battles)
Note one t, not two, in his first name.
(v)
(A)
• Roger Catlin, How One Mathew Brady Photograph May Have Helped Elect Abraham Lincoln. Smithsonian Magazine, June 28, 2017
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/s ... -lincoln-180963839/
Quote:
"A new exhibition in the Daguerreian Gallery at the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery, 'Antebellum Portraits by Mathew Brady,' provides a rare look at this early side of Brady's practice that quickly grew to two New York studios and one in Washington, DC.
"the daguerreotype made way for another method, the ambrotype, and before the end of the decade [1850s], salted-paper prints from glass plate collodion negatives. It was a salted-paper print of Abraham Lincoln, taken on February 27, 1860, the day Lincoln addressed a large Republican audience in the lecture hall at Cooper Union in New York, that may have had a significant impact on American history.
"Some 5,419 glass plate negatives from the Mathew Brady Studio were acquired by the Smithsonian as a group from the Frederick Hill Meserve Collection through the estate of Dorothy Meserve Kunhardt.
• Chapter 1 Mathew Brady's World, Section 3 Brady and the Civil War. National Portrait Gallery (NPG), Smithsonian Institution, undated
https://npg.si.edu/exh/brady/war/civilpg.htm
("In January 1858, Mathew Brady opened a studio on Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., at the center of Washington's business district, halfway between the White House and the Capitol. Alexander Gardner ran the new business while Brady continued to bring in customers and promote the studio. A practical businessman and progressive photographer, Gardner introduced Brady to the new carte-de-visite camera, which made it easy to produce images in large quantities. * * * Brady supported his war work by selling negatives of war images and celebrity cartes de visite to the E. & H. T. Anthony Company * * * [Brady would be] selling another set of negatives to the United States government in 1875 * * * At the turn of the century, the Anthony company sold Brady's negatives to Frederick Hill Meserve, a Lincoln expert and amateur historian. In 1981, when Meserve's family finally put his collection up for sale, the National Portrait Gallery acquired more than five thousand negatives for the Smithsonian Institution")
• Mathew Brady - Biographical Note. In Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC), Library of Congress, undated (on the subject of "Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints")
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cwp/bradynote.html
("Business Setback [which is sectional heading:] After the Civil War, Brady was faced with mounting debts. In an effort to save his business, he tried to sell his collection of war views. Having risked his fortune on his Civil War enterprise, Brady lost the gamble and fell into bankruptcy. His negatives were neglected until 1875, when Congress purchased the entire archive for $25,000. Brady's debts swallowed the entire sum. He died in 1896, penniless and underappreciated. In his final years, Brady said, 'No one will ever know what I went through to secure those negatives. The world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole course of my life' ")
The "prints" in the subject means positives.
Table of contents is in the left column, where "Mathew B Brady - Biographical Note" is Web page 6 in "This Collection" (which is the subject), whereas "Mathew B. Brady - Biographical Note" is Web page 2: "In organizing the glass negatives, the Library grouped them by source (Anthony-Taylor-Rand-Ordway-Eaton Collection or Brady Handy Collection), size, and broad subject areas. In 2002 the Library scanned those groups that consist primarily of original glass plate negatives. The groups that consist primarily of duplicate and copy negatives were not scanned. Online catalog records were made for negatives that were scanned."
(B) The Irish surname Caitlin is "Derived from the Gaelic term caith which meaningly translates to pure." Dictionary pf American Family Names, by Oxford University Press.
(C) The photo at issue (in quotation 2) can be seen in Abraham Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
(photo caption: "Abraham Lincoln, a portrait by Mathew Brady taken February 27, 1860, the day of Lincoln's Cooper Union speech in New York City")
Abraham Lincoln is italicized, because that is the title of the photograph.
(D) Frederick Hill Meserve
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Hill_Meserve
(1865 – 1962; "In 1944 he worked with historian Carl Sandburg to publish 100 photographs of Abraham Lincoln.[2] The Library of Congress has his photographic publishings in its collection.[3] * * * Dorothy née Meserve Kunhardt was his daughter"_
Footnote 2 in the preceding quotation (on a collection of University of Illinois) does not have a photo. The opus of the pair was a book:
Frederick Hill Meserve and Carl Sandburg (eds), The Photographs of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co, 1944. 1st edition, cloth binding [ie, hard cover]. Ex. coll[ector]. Fitchburg Public Library. The Cobbs (auctioneers), undated.
https://thecobbs.com/auction-2016-12-03-lot-118.html
Only Fitchburg, Massachusetts and Fitchburg, Wisconsin have a public library.
(vi) Photographic technology of that era will be explored in the following posting.
(b) "The man [Lincoln], the moment and the technology had converged in 1861, just as Lincoln prepared to take office. That year saw the introduction to America of a new kind of photograph called the carte-de-visite. Mass-produced and sold at shops, newsstands and by catalog, these small, cardboard-mounted paper prints transformed photographs from keepsakes to collectibles. * * * When he arrived in Washington, Lincoln began frequenting the [photographic] galleries that produced them. Public officials of the era were not supposed to initiate self-aggrandizing opportunities to immortalize themselves, so Lincoln relied on aides, allies and artists to importune him into photography studios."
(i) "That year saw the introduction to America of a new kind of photograph called the carte-de-visite."
Heed "photograph," not photography, as "carte-de-visite" is the method to make a photograph from a negative.
(ii)
(A) importune (vt; Did You Know?):
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/importune
does not have etymology.
(B) etymology in English dictionary:
Compare
importune (adj and vt; ultimately from Latin adjective masculine (never verb; from prefix in- not + noun masculine portus harbor) importūnus unsuitable):
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/importune
with
opportune (adj; ultimately from Latin adjective masculine (from preposition ob on account of + noun masculine portus harbor) opportunus suitable)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opportunus
(c) "So just before bidding an emotional farewell to his Springfield hometown, he sat for a succession of photos that chronicled the evolution of his new beard."
(i) Abraham Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
("While he is usually portrayed bearded, he did not grow a beard until 1860 at the suggestion of 11-year-old Grace Bedell. He was the first of five presidents to do so")
(ii)
(A) Danuel Stashower, The Truth about Lincoln's Beard. The History Reader, undated.
https://www.thehistoryreader.com ... uth-lincolns-beard/
("The letters between eleven-year-old Grace and President-elect Lincoln are preserved in the Library of Congress for all to see")
(B) From the Web: "Grace's letter to Lincoln is part of the Burton Historical Collection at the Detroit Public Library; Lincoln's response is in the Benjamin Shapell Family Manuscript Foundation collection."
(C) Here is the proof that Library of Congress collects BOTH.
• The Advice of a Little Girl; Lincoln exhibition confirms a family myth. LOC, undated.
https://loc.gov/loc/lcib/0903/letter.html
• Abraham Lincoln to Grace Bedell, Friday, October 19, 1860 (Reply to Bedell's letter concerning Lincoln's beard), LOC, undated (in "Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916").
https://www.loc.gov/resource/mal.0404000/?st=text
• Grace Bedell letter to Lincoln. Detroit Public Library, undated (in "Digital Collections")
https://digitalcollections.detro ... /islandora%3A131714
(Resource ID: bh005001; Department: Burton Historical Collection)
is just digital.
(iii) English dictionary:
For pronunciation and meaning of bedell, see bedel
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bedel
(iv) For evolution of Lincoln beard from Springfield, IL to Washington, DC, see Grace Bedell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bedell
(section 3 Contemporaneous Lincoln photos)
(d) "Then in November 1863, just before journeying to Gettysburg to dedicate its new soldiers’ cemetery, Lincoln visited Alexander Gardner's gallery at the behest of sculptor Sarah Fisher Ames. She sought images she could consult for a marble bust commissioned for the Capitol Building. Far more consequentially, the results served almost to illustrate the words Lincoln would soon intone on the site of the war’s bloodiest battle. Though three different photographers set up cameras at the cemetery on Nov. 19, none managed to capture a sharp, much less marketable, image of the president at his oratorical zenith. Instead, the Gardner studio poses became known as Lincoln's 'Gettysburg photos.' "
(i) list of photographs of Abraham Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li ... _of_Abraham_Lincoln
Search this page with Gettysburg, and you yield two: the Nov 8 1863 "Gettysburg portrait" (three more portraits on that days) and the Nov 19, 1863 Gettysburg address.
(ii) The three photographers assigned to Lincoln at the Nov 19, 1863 Gettysburg Address were David Bachrach, Alexander Gardner, and Peter Weaver.
(e) "Finally on Feb 5, 1865, just one day after returning to Washington from a secret peace conference in Virginia—at which he rejected Confederate demands to forsake emancipation in return for armistice—an exhausted, almost emaciated Lincoln again visited Gardner's. * * * Toward the end of what turned out to be Lincoln's last studio session, Gardner moved his camera toward the haggard president for a final close-up. Perhaps anxious, Gardner failed to adjust his focus. And when he developed the imperfect glass negative, it cracked in two, slightly above the head. Gardner made a print anyway. To many who saw the portrait later, the unretouched crack visible through Lincoln’s hair seemed almost to portend the trail of gunfire awaiting him two months later at Ford’s Theatre."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li ... _of_Abraham_Lincoln
In Feb 5, 1865, Lincoln has five portraits, the last or fifth of which is the one that the author believes is inauspicious.
Harold Holzer, Abraham Lincoln, Supermodel;
For all his modesty and wartime preoccupation, the 16th president was one of the most photographed men of his time, with a canny sense of the political power of images.
Note:
(a) painter "Francis B Carpenter, who had just arrived in Washington to paint a canvas celebrating the Emancipation Proclamation. * * * The sitting there [at photographer Mathew Brady's studio] yielded seven magisterial poses[:] * * * Two of the photos would later adorn the $5 bill, while another would grace the copper penny."
(i) Francis Bicknell Carpenter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bicknell_Carpenter
("is best known for his painting First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, which is hanging in the United States Capitol"/ section 4 First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln: "On July 12, 1864, Lincoln led his cabinet into the State Dining Room to view the completed work")
The "completed work" alludes to the painting, not Emancipation Proclamation which was issued on Sept 22, 1862.
(ii) United States five-dollar bill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill
(photo caption: "Mathew Brady's February 9, 1864, portrait of Lincoln is used for the current $5 bill (series 1999 issue and later)" )
(iii) "another would grace the copper penny"
(A)
(B) penny
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny
("A penny is a coin (pl.: pennies) or a unit of currency (pl.: pence)"/ section 2 History, section 2.4 United States: "The United States' cent, popularly known as the 'penny' since the early 19th century,[6] began with the unpopular copper chain cent in 1793.[23] Abraham Lincoln was the first historical figure to appear on a US coin when he was portrayed on the one-cent coin to commemorate his 100th birthday")
Please read the entire introduction of Lincoln cent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_cent
("* * * are called cents because the United States has always minted coins using decimals. The penny nickname is a carryover from the coins struck in England, which went to decimals for coins in 1971"/ section 1 wheat cent (1909-1958 section 1.2 design process key terms: the two leftmost images, whose captions are, respectively: "Brenner's 1907 plaque of Abraham Lincoln" and " 'The Penny Profile' photo, February 9, 1864")
The first sentence ("are called cents because the United States has always minted coins using decimals") in the quotation gives you a false impression that Americans coined the word cent, though in fact "cent" (lust like "penny") also came from British English, and is traced back to Latin. See
English dictionary:
* cent (n; from Middle English cent, from Old French [numerical masculine] cent [one hundred], from Latin [numerical] centum [one hundred; abbreviation: C])
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cent
* penny (n; etymology: ultimately from Old English, not Latin)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penny
(iv) Mathew Brady
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady
("Known as one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history, he is best known for his scenes of the Civil War" including those photographs of dead bodies taken after battles)
Note one t, not two, in gis first name.
(v)
(A)
• Roger Catlin, How One Mathew Brady Photograph May Have Helped Elect Abraham Lincoln. Smithsonian Magazine, June 28, 2017
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/s ... -lincoln-180963839/
Quote:
"A new exhibition in the Daguerreian Gallery at the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery, 'Antebellum Portraits by Mathew Brady,' provides a rare look at this early side of Brady's practice that quickly grew to two New York studios and one in Washington, DC.
"the daguerreotype made way for another method, the ambrotype, and before the end of the decade [1850s], salted-paper prints from glass plate collodion negatives. It was a salted-paper print of Abraham Lincoln, taken on February 27, 1860, the day Lincoln addressed a large Republican audience in the lecture hall at Cooper Union in New York, that may have had a significant impact on American history.
"Some 5,419 glass plate negatives from the Mathew Brady Studio were acquired by the Smithsonian as a group from the Frederick Hill Meserve Collection through the estate of Dorothy Meserve Kunhardt.
• Chapter 1 Mathew Brady's World, Section 3 Brady and the Civil War. National Portrait Gallery (NPG), Smithsonian Institution, undated
https://npg.si.edu/exh/brady/war/civilpg.htm
("In January 1858, Mathew Brady opened a studio on Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., at the center of Washington's business district, halfway between the White House and the Capitol. Alexander Gardner ran the new business while Brady continued to bring in customers and promote the studio. A practical businessman and progressive photographer, Gardner introduced Brady to the new carte-de-visite camera, which made it easy to produce images in large quantities. * * * Brady supported his war work by selling negatives of war images and celebrity cartes de visite to the E. & H. T. Anthony Company * * * [Brady would be] selling another set of negatives to the United States government in 1875 * * * At the turn of the century, the Anthony company sold Brady's negatives to Frederick Hill Meserve, a Lincoln expert and amateur historian. In 1981, when Meserve's family finally put his collection up for sale, the National Portrait Gallery acquired more than five thousand negatives for the Smithsonian Institution")
• Mathew Brady - Biographical Note. In Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC), Library of Congress, undated (on the subject of "Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints")
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cwp/bradynote.html
("Business Setback [which is sectional heading:] After the Civil War, Brady was faced with mounting debts. In an effort to save his business, he tried to sell his collection of war views. Having risked his fortune on his Civil War enterprise, Brady lost the gamble and fell into bankruptcy. His negatives were neglected until 1875, when Congress purchased the entire archive for $25,000. Brady's debts swallowed the entire sum. He died in 1896, penniless and underappreciated. In his final years, Brady said, 'No one will ever know what I went through to secure those negatives. The world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole course of my life' ")
The "prints" in the subject means positives.
Table of contents is in the left column, where "Mathew B Brady - Biographical Note" is Web page 6 in "This Collection" (which is the subject), whereas "Mathew B. Brady - Biographical Note" is Web page 2: "In organizing the glass negatives, the Library grouped them by source (Anthony-Taylor-Rand-Ordway-Eaton Collection or Brady Handy Collection), size, and broad subject areas. In 2002 the Library scanned those groups that consist primarily of original glass plate negatives. The groups that consist primarily of duplicate and copy negatives were not scanned. Online catalog records were made for negatives that were scanned."
(B) The Irish surname Caitlin is "Derived from the Gaelic term caith which meaningly translates to pure." Dictionary of American Family Names, by Oxford University Press.
(C) The photo at issue (in quotation 2) can be seen in Abraham Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
(photo caption: "Abraham Lincoln, a portrait by Mathew Brady taken February 27, 1860, the day of Lincoln's Cooper Union speech in New York City")
Abraham Lincoln is italicized, because that is the title of the photograph.
(D) Frederick Hill Meserve
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Hill_Meserve
(1865 – 1962; "In 1944 he worked with historian Carl Sandburg to publish 100 photographs of Abraham Lincoln.[2] The Library of Congress has his photographic publishings in its collection.[3] * * * Dorothy née Meserve Kunhardt was his daughter"_
Footnote 2 in the preceding quotation (on a collection of University of Illinois) does not have a photo. The opus of the pair was a book:
Frederick Hill Meserve and Carl Sandburg (eds), The Photographs of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co, 1944. 1st edition, cloth binding [ie, hard cover]. Ex. coll[ector]. Fitchburg Public Library. The Cobbs (auctioneers), undated.
https://thecobbs.com/auction-2016-12-03-lot-118.html
Only Fitchburg, Massachusetts and Fitchburg, Wisconsin have a public library.
(vi) Photographic technology of that era will be explored in the following posting.
(b) "The man [Lincoln], the moment and the technology had converged in 1861, just as Lincoln prepared to take office. That year saw the introduction to America of a new kind of photograph called the carte-de-visite. Mass-produced and sold at shops, newsstands and by catalog, these small, cardboard-mounted paper prints transformed photographs from keepsakes to collectibles. * * * When he arrived in Washington, Lincoln began frequenting the [photographic] galleries that produced them. Public officials of the era were not supposed to initiate self-aggrandizing opportunities to immortalize themselves, so Lincoln relied on aides, allies and artists to importune him into photography studios."
(i) "That year saw the introduction to America of a new kind of photograph called the carte-de-visite."
Heed "photograph," not photography, as "carte-de-visite" is the method to make a photograph from a negative.
(ii)
(A) importune (vt; Did You Know?):
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/importune
does not have etymology.
(B) etymology in English dictionary:
Compare
importune (adj and vt; ultimately from Latin adjective masculine (never a verb; from prefix in- not + noun masculine portus harbor) importūnus unsuitable):
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/importune
with
opportune (adj; ultimately from Latin adjective masculine (from preposition ob on account of + noun masculine portus harbor) opportunus suitable)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opportunus
(c) "So just before bidding an emotional farewell to his Springfield hometown, he sat for a succession of photos that chronicled the evolution of his new beard."
(i) Abraham Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
("While he is usually portrayed bearded, he did not grow a beard until 1860 at the suggestion of 11-year-old Grace Bedell. He was the first of five presidents to do so")
(ii)
(A) Danuel Stashower, The Truth about Lincoln's Beard. The History Reader, undated.
https://www.thehistoryreader.com ... uth-lincolns-beard/
("The letters between eleven-year-old Grace and President-elect Lincoln are preserved in the Library of Congress for all to see")
(B) From the Web: "Grace's letter to Lincoln is part of the Burton Historical Collection at the Detroit Public Library; Lincoln's response is in the Benjamin Shapell Family Manuscript Foundation collection."
(C) Here is the proof that Library of Congress collects BOTH.
• The Advice of a Little Girl; Lincoln exhibition confirms a family myth. LOC, undated.
https://loc.gov/loc/lcib/0903/letter.html
• Abraham Lincoln to Grace Bedell, Friday, October 19, 1860 (Reply to Bedell's letter concerning Lincoln's beard), LOC, undated (in "Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916").
https://www.loc.gov/resource/mal.0404000/?st=text
• Grace Bedell letter to Lincoln. Detroit Public Library, undated (in "Digital Collections")
https://digitalcollections.detro ... /islandora%3A131714
(Resource ID: bh005001; Department: Burton Historical Collection)
is just digital.
(iii) English dictionary:
For pronunciation and meaning of bedell, see bedel
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bedel
(iv) For evolution of Lincoln beard from Springfield, IL to Washington, DC, see Grace Bedell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bedell
(section 3 Contemporaneous Lincoln photos)
(d) "Then in November 1863, just before journeying to Gettysburg to dedicate its new soldiers’ cemetery, Lincoln visited Alexander Gardner's gallery at the behest of sculptor Sarah Fisher Ames. She sought images she could consult for a marble bust commissioned for the Capitol Building. Far more consequentially, the results served almost to illustrate the words Lincoln would soon intone on the site of the war’s bloodiest battle. Though three different photographers set up cameras at the cemetery on Nov. 19, none managed to capture a sharp, much less marketable, image of the president at his oratorical zenith. Instead, the Gardner studio poses became known as Lincoln's 'Gettysburg photos.' "
(i) list of photographs of Abraham Lincoln
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li ... _of_Abraham_Lincoln
Search this page with Gettysburg, and you yield two: the Nov 8 1863 "Gettysburg portrait" (three more portraits on that days) and the Nov 19, 1863 Gettysburg address.
(ii) The three photographers assigned to Lincoln at the Nov 19, 1863 Gettysburg Address were David Bachrach, Alexander Gardner, and Peter Weaver.
(e) "Finally on Feb 5, 1865, just one day after returning to Washington from a secret peace conference in Virginia—at which he rejected Confederate demands to forsake emancipation in return for armistice—an exhausted, almost emaciated Lincoln again visited Gardner's. * * * Toward the end of what turned out to be Lincoln's last studio session, Gardner moved his camera toward the haggard president for a final close-up. Perhaps anxious, Gardner failed to adjust his focus. And when he developed the imperfect glass negative, it cracked in two, slightly above the head. Gardner made a print anyway. To many who saw the portrait later, the unretouched crack visible through Lincoln’s hair seemed almost to portend the trail of gunfire awaiting him two months later at Ford’s Theatre."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li ... _of_Abraham_Lincoln
In Feb 5, 1865, Lincoln has five portraits, the last or fifth of which is the one that the author believes is inauspicious.
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