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Japanese Succeed in Breeding Pacific Blue Tuna in Captivity

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发表于 11-15-2014 16:54:44 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
You MUST retrieve the article with the online title: Why Farmed Fish Are Taking Over Our Dinner Plates


Yuka HAYASHI 林 由佳, More Fish Make the Leap From Farm to Table. Wall Street Journal, Nov 15, 2014 (front page; under the heading: Taming the wild tuna)
online.wsj.com/articles/why-farmed-fish-are-taking-over-our-dinner-plates-1415984616
(“Today around one or two in 100 of the baby tuna hatching from eggs at Kinki survive to adulthood, up from one in several hundred a few years ago. By contrast, only about one in 30 million babies hatched from eggs in the wild survive to adulthood”)

Note:
(a) Hayashi 林 (a small forest--compared to 森: pronounced “mori,” a large forest) is a common Japanese surname.

(b)
(i) "KUSHIMOTO, Japan—Tokihiko OKADA * * * a researcher at Osaka’s Kinki University * * * a tanned 57-year-old who is both academic and entrepreneur"
(A) Kushimoto-chō, Wakayama Prefecture  和歌山県 串本町
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushimoto,_Wakayama

is the yellow-coded, southernmost division.
(B) In the Web, I locate the following description: “紀伊半島の南端、和歌山県串本町の大島という島にある。迎えてくれたのは、近畿大学水産養殖種苗センター大島事業場・場長代理の岡田貴彦さん.”
* translation: South of Kii Peninsula, there is the island called Ōshima of Kushimoto-chō, Wakayama Prefecture. Welcoming us was Mr Tokihiko Okada, the acting head of hatchling/fry center of Kindai aquaculture
* 紀伊大島  Kii Ōshima
(C) Japanese English dictionary
* kushi 串 【くし】 (n) "spit; skewer"
* The “ki” is the Chinese pronunciation of 貴. (The “to” in the given name “Tokihiko” is superfluous.)
* hiko 彦 【ひこ】 (n): "boy"
(ii) “one of the [Kindai] scientists, Hidemi KUMAI 熊井 英水, now 79 years old”

The Japanese and Chinese pronunciations of 水 is “mizu” and “sui,” respectively.
(iii) For Kinki University 近畿大学, see Kindai University  近大
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindai_University
(private; coeducational; main campus in Osaka; Established 1925)

(c) “Kinki began studying aquaculture after World War II in an effort to ease food shortages. Under the motto ‘Till the Ocean,’ researchers built expertise in breeding fish popular in the Japanese diet such as flounder and amberjack. In 1969, long before the world started craving fresh slices of fatty tuna, Kinki embarked on a quest to tame the bluefin. It sought to complete the reproduction cycle, with Pacific bluefin tuna eggs, babies, juveniles and adults all in the farming system.”
(i) Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University  近畿大学 水産研究所
www.flku.jp
("海を耕す--世耕 弘一)
(A) tagayasu 耕す 【たがやす】 (v): "to till; to plow"
(B) Kōichi SEKŌ 世耕 弘一 (1893-1965; the first president 初代の総長 of Kinki University (after the merger formally formed the university in 1949)
(ii) Japanese English dictionary
buri ぶり, ブリ 《鰤》 (n): "Japanese amberjack (species of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata)"
(iii) Fish farming that starts from fertilized eggs is called 完全養殖 in Japan.

(d) “The country most at risk of a tuna shortage was Japan, which consumes 80% of the world’s overall catch, or some 40,000 tons annually. Japanese trading companies with big fisheries operations such as Mitsubishi Corp and Sojitz Corp began courting the Kinki researchers. One early supporter was a young employee of Toyota Tsushō Corp 豊田通商 株式会社 , a trading company affiliated with the auto maker[:] Taizou FUKUTA 福田 泰三 * * * With $1 million in seed money, Mr. Fukuta, now 39, visited Kinki’s Mr Okada, the university’s head of tuna research, many times until the academic agreed to team up with Toyota in 2009. * * * ‘We come from the tradition of manufacturing, where we improve the products through the process of kaizen 改善,” Mr Fukuta said, referring to Toyota Motor Corp’s manufacturing philosophy of constant improvement.”

The “ou” in “Taizou” is merely another way, in JAPANESE, to romanize “ō”--the long vowel of “o.”

(iii) “In Nagasaki prefecture, one of the main areas for domestic tuna farming, shipments of farmed bluefin rose to 3,000 tons in 2013, nearly five times the amount five years earlier. * * * Bluefin tuna require 15 pounds of feed fish to produce 1 pound of meat, prompting the Kinki team and others to look for artificial feed. Benefits of artificial feed include less pollution. With real fish, a large part is left uneaten and sinks to the bottom of the ocean, polluting the water. Artificial pellets are easier to eat so there are fewer leftovers. The team has been able to replace up to 30% of the ingredients with vegetable protein but going further stunts the fishes’ growth.”

That is Fuku-e-jima--in Gotō-shi, Nagasaki prefecture  長崎県五島市 福江島.
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