Tsetse Fly Crimps Development in Africa

choi

The tsetse fly and development | In the Ointment; How an insect held back a continent. Economist, Jan 17, 2015.
www.economist.com/news/finance-a ... -continent-ointment
(“why was it that land in precolonial Africa was so abundant, and people were so scarce? * * * The tsetse fly is found only in Africa * * * Without the help of animals, farming becomes much less productive and is viable in fewer places. Those Africans surviving by foraging, meanwhile, would have had to spread out over large areas in order to feed themselves”)

My comment:
(a) If you are a biologist, you might have heard of the fly. Otherwise, it is all greek.
(b) The title alludes to a phrase.

A Fly in the Ointment. The Phrase Finder, undated.
www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/fly-in-the-ointment.html
(c) tsetse fly
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsetse_fly
(i) View only the map whose caption is “Range of the tsetse fly.”
(ii) Suffice it to know tsetse fly is a vector to transmit a parasite called trypanosome (genus name: Trypanosoma) to humans and animals. The disease is trypanosomiasis (or sleeping sickness).
(iii) There is no vaccination for the disease. I am unsure about specific treatment.