Scandinavian-Americans

choi

Scandinavian-Americans | Founding Vikings; After prospering quietly for 150 years, Scandinavian-Americans and their ancestral lands are more popular than ever. Economist, June 18, 2016.
http://www.economist.com/news/un ... eir-ancestral-lands

Note:
(a) Norway "is the world's second-largest exporter of seafood."

The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, UN, 2014 (the latest available).
www.fao.org/3/a-i3720e.pdf
(i) page 50: "Table 16 Top ten exporters and importers of fish and fishery products" whose text is at page 49.
(A) In Table 16, APR, which is not listed in Abbreviations and Acronyms" at page XII, stands for
* "annual percentage growth rate" (quoting www.greenfacts.org) or
* "Annual Percent [sic] Rate (APR – average annual compounded growth rate in percent"
Albert J Tacon, Aquaculture Production Trends Analysis. In Review of the State of World Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Circular No 886, Rev[ision] 2. Rome: FAO. 2003. at page 6.
www.fao.org/3/a-y4490e/y4490E01.pdf
(B) This APR, in concept, is the same as annual percentage rate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_percentage_rate
(APR; describes the interest rate for a whole year (annualized), rather than just a monthly fee/rate_
(ii) In 2012 China was top producer in each of the following three categories:
* page 10: "Table 2 Marine capture fisheries: major producer countries"
* page 18: "Table 5 Inland waters capture: major producer countries"
* page 22: "Table 7 Farmed food fish production by top 15 producers and main groups of farmed species in 2012"

(b)
(i) Scandinavia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia
(always includes the mainlands of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden * * * sometimes * * * Iceland and Finland)
(ii) Nordic countries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_countries

(c) "During the heyday of Swedish socialism and big government, Sweden's economic growth actually fell from second in the world in 1970 to the second-lowest in the OECD in 1990."

(d) "More than 11m Americans claim to have Scandinavian ancestry. This pales against * * * the 33m who trace their ancestry to Ireland, but the 5m Norwegian-Americans are roughly equivalent to the whole population of Norway. No country, except Ireland, lost as high a percentage of its population to America as Norway. The scope of Swedish immigration is similarly vast: between 1880 and 1920 around 20-25% of the population left for America."
(i) CIA World Factbook (listings today: 'July 2015 estimates' for all):
* Denmark 5.6m
* Finland 5.5m
* Norway 5.2m
* Sweden 9.8m
(ii) Irish diaspora
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_diaspora

choi

(e) "Swedes and Norwegians left their homelands to escape grinding poverty, restrictions on religious freedom and the compulsory military draft. * * * The mass exodus, the often harrowing journeys and tough new beginnings made a deep impression on their collective psyche. 'Giants in the Earth,' a novel by Ole Edvart Rolvaag, a Norwegian-American, describes Norwegian homesteaders' hardscrabble life in today's South Dakota, and was a great success both in America and back in Norway. A tetralogy by Vilhelm Moberg about Swedish emigration to America is among the bestselling novels in Sweden. Former members of Abba, Sweden's foremost pop troubadours, based 'Kristina fran Duvemala,' a symphonic extravaganza, on his novels."
(i) military service
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service
("Military Service was mandatory in Sweden from 1901 until * * * 2010")

I can not find the same for Norway.
(ii) Giants in the Earth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giants_in_the_Earth
(iii) Vilhelm Moberg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Moberg
(1898 – 1973; a Swedish journalist; "is associated with his series The Emigrants. The four books, published between 1949 and 1959, deal with the Swedish emigration to the United States in the 19th century"/ "The musical Kristina från Duvemåla (English title Kristina) (1995) by ex-ABBA [active 1972-1982] members Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson is based on the series)

(f) "Most Scandinavian immigrants managed to build better lives as farmers, mostly in the upper Midwest, where the landscape and climate resembled home, as fishermen on the north-west coast or with jobs in rapidly industrialising cities. Chicago was an especially popular destination for Swedes. 'Chicago was the second-largest Swedish city after Stockholm at the turn of the 20th century,' says Lennart Pehrson, an expert on Swedish emigration to America. The new arrivals were hardworking, disciplined and more literate than other immigrant groups. Many worked in construction; it was said that the Swedes built Chicago. Andrew Lanquist [[1856-1931; a building contractor -- not a financier or architect], for instance, built two much-loved landmarks: the Wrigley Building on the Chicago river and Wrigley Field, the principal baseball park.

Ewa Kern-Jędrychowska of Nowy Dziennik (a Polish-language daily in Poland) reported on Feb 16, 2016
http://www.dziennik.com/wiadomos ... lakow-niz-w-chicago

that New York City has dethroned Chicago as the "Largest Polish City" outside of Warsaw, with Polish populations of 55,000 v 46,000 respectively within city limits (Philadelphia is third) -- based on US Census Bureau's American Community Survey (2008-2010).  Of course, it is not outside of Warsaw, but outside of Poland.  I lived in Chicago, and heard that boast.

(g) "Some of the newcomers from the North succeeded beyond their wildest dreams. Charles Walgreen, the son of a Swedish immigrant, set up Walgreen's, America's largest chain of drugstores. Swedish-born Johan Nordstrom created Nordstrom [founed in 1901 and headquartered in Seattle], an exclusive retail empire. Eric Wickman [1887 (born in Sweden and emigrated to US -- besides changing his name completely -- in 1905) – 1954; founded Greyhound in 1914] founded Greyhound, America's biggest bus line. Alexander Samuelson, another Swedish immigrant, designed the curvy Coca-Cola bottle. On a gastronomic level, much of the cinnamon in American baked goods can be credited to, or blamed on, Scandinavians."
(i) Charles Rudolph Walgreen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rudolph_Walgreen
(1873 [born in Illinois] – 1939; When his father, Carl Magnus Olofsson, came to America from Sweden, the family name was changed to Walgreen)

* Walgreens is "the second largest chain in the United States of America behind CVS Health" (en.wikipedia.org) in terms of stores and revenue (CVS is far ahead).
(ii) Cinnamon roll = cinnamon bun

"October 4th is known as National Cinnamon Bun Day in Sweden [where it is called kanelbulle]. The exact origin of cinnamon rolls are not known, but food historians believe they came from Northern Europe, having German, Danish and Swedish influences."

(h) "The Protestant work ethic [of Scandinavian-Americans] is strong: in Minneapolis in particular, the number of Lutheran churches is striking. * * * Russian expansionism is now bringing America's security policy closer to the Nordics [plural form of a Nordic person; 'Nordic' may be a noun or an adjective], even though Sweden and Finland are not members of NATO and, at least in theory, are non-aligned."

Lutheranism by region
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism_by_region
("Lutheranism is the established church [or state religion] in most of the Nordic countries including Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland. In these countries, where most people are Lutheran, the churches are supported by taxes")