葡萄牙香肠

choi

西奥多拉·萨克利夫, 葡萄牙香肠 '不但好吃还能救命.'  BBC Chinese, Oct 17, 2017
http://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/vert-tra-41654407

, which is translated from

Theodora Sutcliffe, The unlikely Sausage that Saved Lives; Now one of Portugal's seven gastronomic wonders, this sausage likely saved hundreds, maybe thousands, of souls during the Spanish Inquisition. BBC, Sept 12, 2017.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/ ... ge-that-saved-lives

Note:
(a) "In Manteigaria Silva, one of Lisbon's oldest delis, not much has changed since 1928. Cured hams dangle from the ceiling, port and Madeira wines compete for shelf space and slabs of golden cheese [which look like wheels, no difference from other cheeses] await the blade."
(i) History. Manteigaria Silva, undated.
https://www.manteigariasilva.pt/en/125-years-of-history.html

Quote:

"The official origins of this emblematic gourmet shop have vanished in the mists of time, but, according to oral tradition, it is at least 125 years old

"In 1890  * * * [a store -- what was sold is unsaid -- opened in the location where Manteigaria Silva now stands, by a street] under another name

"In 1922, the store changed hands and also changed its name, becoming Manteigaria Silva. 'Manteigaria' means butter shop and 'Silva' is a family name. At the time, butter was an important and expensive product, which came from the Azores in blocks and was sold by weight, in small packages. Butter and its by-products were the only items for sale.

* The "pt" is Portugal's name in "country code top-level domains."
(ii) Port wine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_wine
(section 1 Region and production)

* Douro (proper name of a river and a valley)
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Douro
(pronunciation)
(iii) Madeira wine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_wine

* Madeira islands are 250 miles north of Canary islands of Spain. en.wikipedia.org.
(iv) Azores
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores

choi

(b) Portuguese-English dictionary:
* manteiga (noun feminine; of uncertain origin): "butter"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manteiga
* silva (noun feminine): "[thicket], bramble"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/silva
* lombo (noun masculine): "loin"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lombo
   ^ The anatomy of loin is in (d) below.
* rossio (noun masculine): "plaza (open area used for gathering in a city)"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rossio
* trás (preposition; from Latin trāns across, beyond): "across, beyond"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trás


(c) "And alongside the lombo (air-cured pork) and chouriço (chorizo) lies a sausage so thoroughly Portuguese * * * : alheira. * * * In a time when Jews were being persecuted in Rossio Square, just metres from where Manteigaria Silva's cream awning extends today, alheira likely saved hundreds, maybe thousands, of souls."
(i) chorizo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorizo
(is a fermented, cured, smoked [pork] sausage; section 1 Names: Spanish and Portuguese spellings)
(ii) Lisbon massacre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_massacre
(iii) Rossio Square
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossio_Square
(is the popular name of the Pedro IV Square [Pedro IV died in 1834])

section 1.1 Origin : "The name 'rossio' is roughly equivalent to the word 'commons' in English, and refers to a commonly owned terrain. Around 1450, the Palace of Estaus, destined to house foreign dignitaries and noblemen visiting Lisbon, was built on the north side of the square. After the Inquisition was installed in Lisbon, the Palace of Estaus became its [Inquisition's] seat, and the Rossio was frequently used as setting for public executions

(A) For the definition of rossio, see (b),
(B) Rossio Lisbon Praca Dom Pedro IV Guide. Lisbon Portugal Guide, undated
http://lisbon-portugal-guide.com ... a-Dom-Pedro-IV.html
("The Praça dom Pedro IV is the official name of the square after the inauguration of the statue of dom Pedro IV in 1874 but Lisbon's residents have never taken to the name and still refer to the square as Rossio.  This name has its roots well before the 1755 earthquake when the area of Praça dom Pedro IV was the capital's central open area accessible to all common people. The rough translation of Rossio means common land and it was here that the old city of Lisbon centered around")

choi

(d) pork loin
(i) cut of pork
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_of_pork
(illustrations)

The loin is a cut that includes many muscles (both above and below the transverse process of a vertebra).
(ii) pork tenderloin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_tenderloin
(As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle)
(iii) Major Muscles of the Carcass. Animal Biosciences (formerly Animal and Poultry Science), University of Guelph, undated
www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/ch4_1.htm

A scheme in the "Loin muscles" section shows muscles of longissimus dorsi and psoas major.  (The carcass is headless and tailless. Judging from "neck" and "pelvis," one know this is the lateral view of carcass,

(e) "From marzipan and rosewater pastries to soups, stews and sausages, citizens of both religions left their gastronomic mark on what is today the city of Lisbon. 'We have Moorish sausage, Moorish fish dishes and even Moorish broth, which is now a seafood dish called cataplana,' [Paolo] Scheffer[, an expert on Lisbon’s Jewish history,] observed."
(i) marzipan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzipan
(section 2 History: unclear)
(ii) cataplana
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataplana

choi

(f) "By the 12th Century, when Christian crusaders first roared through Lisbon, raping and murdering Muslims, Jews and fellow Christians alike * * * Later, as Portuguese navigators spread across the globe, ingredients like tomato [originated in Central and South America: Wikipedia], chilli [Chili peppers originated in Mexico] and black pepper [native to south India] would leave their mark in turn. * * * in 1492, Ferdinand of Aragon [1452 –  1516] and his warrior queen Isabella of Castile [1451 -- 1504; married in 1469; queen of Castile and León 1474-1504; queen consort of Aragon 1479-1504] defeated the last Moorish emirate – Granada – and took the Alhambra Palace as their own. * * * their [Ferdinand and Isabella] rule of terror would be known as the Spanish Inquisition [1478-1834]."
(i) Crusades
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades
("Christian princes continued to make gains in the Iberian peninsula: the [first] King of Portugal, Afonso I [1109 /1111 – 1185; father from a French duchy and mother Spanish kingdom], captured Lisbon [in 1147] and Raymond Berenguer IV of Barcelona conquered the city of Tortosa")
(ii) "warrior queen Isabella of Castile"
(A) Kirstin Downey, Isabella; The warrior queen. Anchor, 2014.
(B) Kathryn Harrison's review of the above book in New York Times, Dec 7, 2014
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/ ... -warrior-queen.html
wrote: "As Isabella knew, there was but one way to power, and that was the expulsion of the Ottoman Turks [sic; should be Moors] * * * She handled the logistics of warfare, endangering her family by taking them along on military campaigns, even going into labor while closeted with advisers in her war room.
(iii) Granada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada
(is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers; The word Gárnata (or Karnatah) possibly means "hill of strangers")
(iv) Alhambra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhambra

choi

(g) "As a result [of Spanish Inquisition], tens of thousands of Jews who had flourished in Moorish Al-Andalus were thrown out of Spain. They fled to Portugal, particularly Lisbon * * * In the rugged mountains of northern Portugal's Trás-os-Montes [a medieval provinces of Portugal, no more; literally 'across the mountains': Wiktionary], one of these hidden communities created Portugal's best-known alheira sausage: Alheira de Mirandela. * * * the Alheira de Mirandela seems very like kishke * * * Today, the alheira has travelled far beyond the mountains. Rather like the British banger, it's a comfort-food staple. You won't find it in fine dining joints, but it's ubiquitous in supermarkets * * * there were no more than 1,000 Jews in Lisbon [on the eve of World War II]. Yet, during the early days of World War II, the neutral city again became a refuge for Europe's Jews. Defying the dictator Salazar, Portuguese diplomat Aristides de Sousa Mendes issued travel documents to thousands of Jews"
(i) Al-Andalus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus
(711 - 1492; section 1 Name)
(ii) For the definition of trás, see (b).
(iii) Mirandela
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirandela
(a city)
(iv) kishka (food)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishka_(food)
(or kishke)
(v) banger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangers
(under the section heading "Colloquialisms": A sausage, usually pork, with a tendency to split open with a "bang" during frying)
(vi) Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
(During World War II, Lisbon was one of the very few neutral, open European Atlantic ports, a major gateway for refugees to the US and a haven for spies)

* "Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II." Wikipedia.

(h)  "Today * * * the alheira is more a part of mainstream Portuguese cooking than a symbol of the people who created it. Like the Portuguese word for 'Saturday' – 'Sábado,' for the Jewish Sabbath – and the brilliant Arab-influenced tiles that illuminate Lisbon's teetering streets,"

For "Arab-influenced tiles," see azulejo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo