RISC-V

choi

There is no need to read the notes beyond quotations.

Don Clark and Ana Swanson, 中美芯片之战的新战线：RISC-V. 纽约时报中文网, Jan 11, 2024
https://cn.nytimes.com/technolog ... hips-security/dual/

, which is translated from

Don Clark and Ana Swanson,The Next Front In the Chip Wars Is Emerging. A US-born technology called RISC-V has become critical to China's ambitions. The question is whether it's possible or advisable to limit it. New York Times, Jan 12, 2024, at page B1.

Note:
(a)
(i) architecture (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_(disambiguation)
(Computer architecture, the systems architecture of a computer [includes, or is made up of] Hardware architecture [and] Software architecture)
(ii) Regarding "instruction set architecture" (ISA).

What Is an Instruction Set Architecture? ARM, undated
https://www.arm.com/glossary/isa
("The ISA acts as an interface between the hardware and the software, specifying both what the processor is capable of doing as well as how it gets done.

The ISA provides the only way through which a user is able to interact with the hardware")
(B) Basically there are two main categories of ISA: "complex instruction set computer" (CISC) and "reduced instruction set computer" (RISC).
Regarding "two types," see comparison of instruction set architectures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co ... n_set_architectures
, whose section 2 Instruction sets has a table for all ISA that has existed in the world. You can see that Intel's x86 is CISC, whereas RISC-V is RISC (of course; ARM is RISC).
(C) What is instruction set architecture (ISA)?   Lenovo, undated
https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/glo ... www.google.com%252F
([Q:] What is the difference between reduced instruction set computer (RISC) and complex instruction set computer" (CISC) ISAs?
[A:] RISC and CISC are two different approaches to designing computer architectures. RISC ISAs have a smaller set of simple and highly optimized instructions, while CISC ISAs have a large set of complex instructions. RISC architectures tend to prioritize simplicity, efficiency, and faster execution times, while CISC architectures aim to provide more flexibility and high-level instructions")
(D) Linux is NOT an ISA, but an operating system (Google ChromeOS is an operating system within the Linux Family; Google Chrome is a Web browser) -- same as Microsoft Window and Apple macOS (these two for desktops), and corresponding Microsoft Windows 11 and Apple iOS (these two along with Google Android are mobile operating systems). All of these (in this paragraph) are written in C (language).

(b) RISC-V
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC-V
(section 2 History: "Krste Asanović at the University of California, Berkeley * * * David Patterson at Berkeley joined the collaboration * * * and the RISC-V is the eponymous fifth generation")

(c) "The original inspiration for RISC-V was saving money. Starting in 2010, a professor and two graduate students began developing a new instruction set based on technology pioneered by David Patterson, a computer science professor at the University of California, Berkeley, who had helped invent reduced instruction set computing, or RISC. The aim was to help study the inner workings of computing without having to pay Arm, which charges royalties for every chip that uses its technology.   'I just wanted to learn how to build computers,' said Yunsup Lee, one of the graduate students"

Yunsup Lee. IEEE Xplore, undated
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37065372800
("Yunsup Lee (S'09) received the BS degree in computer science and electrical engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea, in 2005, the MS degree in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, in 2011, and the PhD degree in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, in 2016. He started the RISC-V instruction set architecture project with A Waterman, D Patterson, and K Asanović in 2010, and co-founded SiFive, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, where he serves as the Chief Technology Officer")
(i) "A Waterman" was the OTHER graduate student mentioned in "a professor and two graduate students." The professor? Either Patterson or Asanović.
(ii) Daejeon  大田廣域市
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon