Indian Chinese

choi

Mark Magnier, In India, Ethnic Chinese Still Waiting for Apology; Thousands were rounded up as suspected spies and sent to an internment camp after India lost a 1962 border war with China. India never filed any charges. Los Angeles Times, June 28, 2013.
http://www.latimes.com/news/nati ... ia-chinese-20130628,0,2837694.story

Quote:

"India-born Monica Liu was 9 in 1962 when her family was loaded into box cars for an eight-day rail trip to an internment camp in the western Indian desert. The Lius were among about 3,000 people of Chinese descent, most of them Indian citizens, rounded up without trial as suspected spies or sympathizers and placed in Rajasthan state's Deoli camp after India's one-month border war with China. Her family remained in detention until 1967.

"Those who accepted deportation — India's preferred solution — were released first, with hundreds immigrating to China in 1963. Those who refused, including families fearful of the Chinese Communist Party, Tibetans and many who'd never been to China, languished for years.

"At its peak, India's population of ethnic Chinese numbered in the tens of thousands. Today, Kolkata's once-vibrant ethnic Chinese community has declined to about 4,500, with an additional 1,500 sprinkled across India, according to Paul Chung, president of the Kolkata-based Indian Chinese Assn. The total swells to 1.5 million if Tibetans are included.

Note:
(a) boxcar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_car
(generally used to carry general freight)
(b) Rajasthan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan
(the largest state of the Republic of India by area; the large, inhospitable Thar Desert; section 1 Etymology)

The "h" is not pronounced.
(c) Deoli, Rajasthan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoli,_Rajasthan
(a city)
(d) Yin Marsh, Doing Time with Nehru; Life before the India-China border war of 1962, events that led up to it, and life with my family at an internment camp. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.
http://www.doingtimewithnehru.com/Home.html
(e) "Liu and her family returned to Shillong nearly penniless."

Shillong
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillong
(capital of Meghalaya [a state])

(f) "A nascent organization is fighting to regain control of Kolkata's Toong On temple, built in 1924, after an ownership dispute led to its sale to Indian investors."

The Indian Chinese Association for Culture, Welfare and Development 印華文化發展協會, undated.
http://indianchinese.blogspot.com/
(i) Toong On temple 東安 關帝廟 is shown in photos 2 (where it is called Toong On church) and the one under the heading The Times of India."
(ii) The Association president is Paul Chung (see the bottom of the above Web page), as mentioned in the LA Times report.