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(1) Chikako Mogi and Masaaki Iwamoto, Japan's Micro Farms Face Extinction.
www.businessweek.com/articles/20 ... bes-reforms-advance
(Japan’s “Government payments accounted for 56 percent of total earnings for Japanese agriculture last year, behind only Norway and Switzerland, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. * * * Agriculture’s share of gross domestic product is now less than 1 percent, down from 9 percent in 1960, according to [Japanese] government data”)
Note:
(a) summary underneath the title in print: Abe sets policies to spur consolidation and boost efficiency
(b) The BusinessWeek report is abbreviated from English- and Japanese-language Bloomberg News reports (by the same journalists). The latter was
Chikako Mogi and 岩本 正明, レタス畑の憂鬱、ＴＰＰ勝ち組農家も恐々－「和食」融合が鍵. ブルームバーグ, Dec 13, 2013.
www.bloomberg.co.jp/news/123-MXL5776JTSE801.html
Chikako MOGI 茂木 千香子
Masaaki IWAMOTO 岩本 正明
kachigumi 勝ち組 【かちぐみ】 (n): “winners”
(c) "Takashi NAKAJIMA 中島 高志 makes $100,000 a year growing lettuce on 12 acres in Japan’s Nagano prefecture. The 35-year-old third-generation farmer employs Chinese laborers to pick his crop and takes four months off in the winter to indulge his passion for speed skating. Now his way of life is endangered "
Nagano Prefecture 長野県
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture
(map; host to the 1998 Winter Olympics)
(d) “Japan’s proliferation of small farms is a legacy of the country’s postwar US occupation, which diminished the power of the land-owning class by distributing plots to the tenant farmers who tilled about one-third of the nation’s fields and rice paddies. As Japan’s industries boomed, villagers quit the fields and went to work in factories. Stringent regulations governing the transfer of arable land have prevented a new generation of farmers from taking their place. A 2010 survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries showed that almost 9 out of 10 farmers were over 50.”
The corresponding paragraph in the Japanese-language report (which is not exactly the same) was: “戦後、日本を統治した連合国軍総司令部（ＧＨＱ）は農民解放に着手。国が地主から強制的に買い上げた農地を小作農へ売り渡し、９割が自作地になった。1952年の農地法で確立された小規模・自作農主義の中で、農村は保守政党の大票田に育つ半面、零細農業構造と高コスト体質が固定化していく。” Which can be translated as follows: “After World War II, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP; in Japan: General Headquarters, which is abbreviated as GHQ) engaged in liberation of farmers. Japan forced landowners to sell, transfer to tenant farmers the land, 90% of which became owner farmers'. On the one hand, the small-scale, owner farmers enshrined in the 1952 act 農地法, rural areas came to become LDP strongholds, on the other fragmented/subsistence agricultural architecture and high-cost system were institutionalized.
(i) So Taiwan’s 三七五減租，耕者有其田 originated from Japan--ultimately from US? After all, KMT had done nothing of sorts in the Chinese mainland.
(ii) Taiwan confronts the same agricultural problems. This is so called unintended consequences. However, it is believed those moves created a boom, much like China in early 1980s which unbound the farmers there.
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发表于 1-9-2014 10:43:46
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