Battle of Manzikert

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Turkish history l  Recalling Manzikert; President Erdogan reaches back a millennium. Economist, Sept 9, 2017.
https://www.economist.com/news/e ... llennium-old-battle

the first 2 1/2 paragraphs:

"Turkey's president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, descended on the sleepy town of Malazgirt near the Armenian frontier on August 26th. He came to celebrate a millennium-old victory that Turks hail as the dawn of Muslim domination of these once-Christian lands.

"Largely forgotten in the West, the battle of Manzikert in 1071 saw Seljuk Turks, led by King Alp Arslan, crush an imperial Byzantine army said to be twice their size. This Turkic push into Anatolia laid the foundation for the Seljuks' eventual successors, the Ottomans, who took Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, in 1453 and whose empire at its peak extended from the gates of Vienna to the Indian Ocean.

"Mr Erdogan's commemoration of a 946-year-old battle is a bid to woo Turkish nationalists.

My comment:
(a) There is no need to read the rest.

(b) Battle of Manzikert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert
(was fought between Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes of Byzantine Empire and sultan Alp Arslan of Seljuk Empire on Aug 26, 1071 near Manzikert (modern Malazgirt in Turkey); Emperor was defeated and captured)
(i) No online English dictionary contains Manzikert, so there is no pronunciation guide.
(ii) The emperor's last name is Diogenes, and first name Romanos (from Roman/Latin name Romanus (meaning: Roman person). Before him, there had been three Byzantine emperor with that first name, so he was Romanos IV.
(iii) Seljuk Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_Empire
(1037–1194; founded by Tughril Beg (1016–63) in 1037. Tughril was raised by his grandfather, Seljuk Beg [after whom the empire was named])
(A) Seljuk
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Seljuk
(pronunciation)
(B) For Beg, see Bey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey
(Bey is Ottoman Turkish spelling, and Beg, Persian; a Turkish title for chieftain)
(iv) Alp Arslan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_Arslan
(honorific in Turkish meaning "Heroic Lion"/ second sultan of Seljuk Empire -- the first being his uncle Tughril Beg)

Turkish-English dictionary:
* alp (adj): brave, hero[ic]"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alp
* arslan (n) "lion"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aslan

(c) "Ottomans * * * whose empire at its peak extended from the gates of Vienna to the Indian Ocean"
(i) Ottoman Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
(1299–1922/1923; section 1 Name)
(ii) "gates of Vienna"

History of Vienna
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
(section Turkish sieges: 1529 and 1683)

(d) Regarding the diorama that accompanied the Economist article. (A diorama is 3-D, whereas a painting 2-D.)
(i) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert
(photo caption: "Aftermath of the Battle of Manzikert, a diorama at the Istanbul Military Museum")
(A) Ground Floor Halls. Military Museum and Cultural Center Command, undated
http://www.askerimuze.tsk.tr/ing/alt_kat_salonlar.html

click "Seljuks Hall" and you will see the diorama. It is too small, though. For a close-up view, see next.
(B) Syed Amran, Istanbul 2014 -- Day 05 -- Command of Military Museum and Culltural Site. Sept 17, 2014 (blog).
http://agarakutidaklupa.blogspot ... -05-command-of.html

It is a long Web page. Search it with "Manzikert" and you will see the diorama, wh9ch appears to me rocks and dirt positioned before a concave mural (in an arc).
(ii) The flag hoisted by the victors is

Oksoko
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksoko
("The double-headed eagle became the standard of the Seljuks with the crowning of Tughril Beg (Tuğrul/Toğrul means 'Falcon') as 'King of the East and the West.' * * * The word 'Ögsöh' means in Mongolian language to rise, to climb, go up")
(A) You have to read the whole Wiki page.
(B) standard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard
(C) Why "Mongolian" language (in the Wikipedia quotation)?
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_Empire
("As the dynasty declined in the middle of the thirteenth century, the Mongols invaded Anatolia in the 1260s and divided it into small emirates called the Anatolian beyliks. Eventually one of these, the Ottoman, would rise to power and conquer the rest")
* Mongol Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire
(1206–1368; section 2.6.2 New invasions of the Middle East and Southern China)

Compare
Yuan dynasty 元朝 (officially 大元; 1271–1368)  en.wikipedia.org