Mirror in Artwork

choi

Ted Scheinman, Glass Act. Painters have long used mirrors to reflect their subjects' inner lives. Gaze at these startling examples. Smithsonian Magazine, November 2020, at page 20,
which is a sidebar to a story:
Clive Thompson, You Are So Vain. Today's obsession with selfies had a surprising mirror image centuries ago. starting at page 16.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/i ... -culture-180976038/

About two-thirds down the Web page is this sidebar. Click the five icons one by one.

(1) caption of the first icon: "C. 1524: Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror. The Italian painter Parmigianino worked on a convex wooden panel to create this work, celebrated for its distortion of perspective. (Kunsthistorisches Museum)"

Note:
(a) Parmigianino
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmigianino  
(1503 – 1540; real name: Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola; more commonly, as Parmigianino "the little one from Parma"/ the painting at issue is at the top of this Wiki page)
(b) Italian-English dictionary:
* parmigiano (adjective or noun masculine; Parma +‎ -igiano ("[equivalent to English suffix:] -ian [as in Bostonian]" ):
"adj: (now rare)  of, or relating to Parma, its inhabitants or culture.  Synonym: parmense (now more common)
noun: (now rare)  a native or resident of Parma.  Synonym: parmense m or f (now more common)"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parmigiano
    ^ ‎-igiano (suffix): "forms nouns and adjectives indicating geographical origin  <Marche + ‎-igiano → ‎marchigiano resident of March; ‎Parma + ‎-igiano → ‎parmigiano resident of Parma>"
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-igiano
    ^ English dictionary: parmigiana (adj; etymology: "Italian parmigiana, feminine of parmigiano of Parma, from [place name] Parma"): "made or covered with Parmesan cheese   <veal parmigiana>"
    https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parmigiana
* -ino (suffix masculine; plural -ini, feminine -ina): "alternative suffix used to form diminutives  <[noun masculine; feminine: gatta] ‎gatto cat + ‎-ino → ‎gattino kitten>"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ino
(c) Kunsthistorisches Museum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum

German-English dictionary:
* Kunst (noun feminine): "art"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kunst
* historisch (adj; from Latin and Ancient Greek historia, from Ancient Greek verb historein to narrate): "historical, historic"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historisch

(2) "C. 1555: Venus with a Mirror. Titian and his apprentices produced at least 30 versions of this scene. The mirror highlights the goddess’s epic self-regard. (National Gallery of Art [at Washington DC])"

Note:
(a) Titian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titian
(c. 1488/90 – 1576 (born and died in Venice); real name: Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio
(b) Italian-English dictionary:
* Tiziano (proper name; from Latin Titiānus, patronymic of the Roman gens [akin to surname in English] name Titius ['from the praenomen [akin to give name in English] Titus': Wiktionary]): "a male given name from Latin"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tiziano

(3) "1646: Self-Portrait. This playful performance by Johannes Gumpp allows a strikingly intimate view of an artist at work—possibly through the use of a second, unseen mirror. (Alamy)"

Note:
(a)
(i) Johannes Gumpp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gumpp
(1426 - ['died after 1646': from the Web]; Austrian)
(ii) The preceding Wiki pages says that the painting is a collection of Uffizi Gallery (Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi), in Florence.

Italian-English dictionary:
* degli (contraction of di gli of the, from the)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/degli
   ^ gli (definite article masculine (plural); from Latin illī; gli's singular: lo): "form of the [definitive] article [masculine] i [which is plural for nouns starting with a consonant, singular being il] (the) used before a vowel"
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gli
* uffizio (noun masculine; plural: uffizi): "(literary)  alternative form of [noun masculine] ufficio [office]"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uffizio
(b) "a second, unseen mirror"?  I do not think it is necessary, and find nothing in the Web about yet another mirror.

(4) "C. 1790: Naniwa Okita Admiring Herself in a Mirror. In this woodcut by Kitagawa Utamaro, a girl studies herself using a relatively new tool in Japan: a large mirror. (Harris Brisbane Dick Fund)"

Note:
(a) KITAGAWA Utamaro 喜多川 歌麿 (c 1753 – 1806) was born with the surname 北川, pronounced kitagawa (kita is Japanese pronunciation of kanji 北). He changed his surname to 喜多川- by splitting kita into ki and ta, which might be represented by kanji 喜 and 多, among other choices. His birth name was not Utamaro, either -- which he took as 号 (per ja.wikipedia.org).
(b) Sugatami Shichinin Keshō  姿見七人化粧
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugatami_Shichinin_Keshō  
("Only one print from the presumed series is known, and is believed to be of the tea-house girl Naniwa[sic; should be Naniwaya] O-Kita")
(c) 難波屋おきた
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/難波屋おきた
, where Naniwaya is the surname and Okita, given name.
(d) Japanese-English dictionary:
* sugatami 姿見 【すがたみ】 (n): "full-length mirror"  (The mi is Japanese pronunciation of kanji 見.)
  ^ sugata 姿 【すがた】 (n)" "(1) figure; form; shape (2) appearance"
* keshō 化粧 【けしょう】 (n,v): "make-up; makeup; cosmetics"
(e) Harris Brisbane Dick. British Museum
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG155015  
says his surname is Dick, with Hrris and Brisbane as first and middle names. He was an art collector.

(5) "C. 1905: Woman with a Sun-flower. The sunflower was a symbol of suffrage; Mary Cassatt depicts a mother urging her daughter to see herself as powerful. (National Gallery of Art)"

Note: Mary Cassatt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt  
(1844 – 1926; American; never married (and childless; Cassatt was her father's surname); she supported women's suffrage)