American Figure Skater Nathan Chen (COMPLETED)

choi

In chronological order, first after short program and second following freestyle:

(1) Juliet Macur, Chen Sets Record and Moves Closer to Elusive Prize; 4 years later, short program is no problem. New York Times, Feb 9, 2022, at page B10 (that day, session B was fronted with Business and backed by Sports)
(paragraph 3 about short program: "After completing two quadruple jumps -- including one in a quadruple, triple-jump combination -- and dancing across the ice in his simple black tuxedo, Chen finished first in men's short program at the Beijing Olympics on Tuesday [Feb 8, US time]. By a lot")

Note:
(a) There is no need to read the rest of this NYT report.
(b) Combo and Sequence. Nov 5, 2018 (under the heading "Skating Things")
https://the-real-xmonster.tumblr ... /combo-and-sequence

Quote:

"in the common figure skating nomenclature, a jump combination and a jump sequence both refer to a group of two or more jumps performed in succession. The difference between a combination and a sequence is whether or not there is a change of edge between the landing of the first jump and the takeoff of the second jump, and between the second and third jump, so on. If there is no change of edge, it’s a combination, if there is at least one change of edge, it’s a sequence.

"So this one, for example, would have qualified as a sequence: [video clip] That's a 4T+1Lo+4T Yuzu [short for Japanese Yuzuru HA-NYŪ 羽生 結弦 (1994- )] attempted for fun (yeah, right) back in the Worlds 2017 gala finale. A question might pop up here about why I do not call it a jump combination even though it looked like one. The answer is: because the half-loop was landed on the left back inside edge, and Yuzu’s second quad toe was taken off from the right back outside edge, so there was a change of edge involved in that cluster. If he had followed it up with a quad Salchow then that would have been a combo.

(c) The "combo" in (a) above is short for combination, the word used in the NYT report. Also in the NYT report, the jump" in "a quadruple, triple-jump combination" is superfluous, as anything off the ice floor is a jump, be it quadruple or triple.
(d) Again in (a), 4T stands for quadruple toe loop (that is what 4 and T meant, respectively), and 1Lo, single loop. See figure skating jumps
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_jumps
(section 2 Types of jumps: shorthand; section 5 History of first jumps)

In this Wiki page, moreover, pay attention to an illustration on the right whose caption reads: "Figure skating edges." The bottom show an invisible foot clad in blue skate UPRIGHT (ie, not tilting one way or another). Take notice that the bottom of skate blade has a "hollow" bookmarked by inside and outside "edges." The top two panels of this illustration show those edges (by tilting foot).

choi

(2) Juliet Macur, Five Breathtaking Leaps, and the Smile Clinched It; Skating last, Chen beat nerves then let loose to beat everyone. New York Times, Feb 11, 2022, at page B8 (that day, session B was fronted with Business and backed by Sports)
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/ ... figure-skating.html

Note:
(a) The report is available to subscribers only.

(b) Emma Hingant, What's the Difference Between the Figure Skating Jumps. Feb 2, 2022.
https://olympics.com/en/news/wha ... ympics-beijing-2022

Quote (boldface and italics original):

"But how can you recognize these jumps * * * The take-off is the main difference to distinguish all the jumps. And actually, those jumps fall in two categories:
• Toe jumps: If a jump originates from the front of the blade -- the toe-pick (the ridged front end of the blade) -- they are called 'toe jumps.'
• Edge jumps: If they are taken off from the edge of the blade, they are called 'edge jumps.'

"Loop

• Take-off: backward outside edge

This is the most basic jump of all. Starting from the backward outside edge, you land on the backward outside edge of the same foot. Your free foot is trailing and you leave your weight on your skating leg. You can attempt a single, a double, a triple or a quadruple loop.

"Salchow

• Take-off: backward inside edge

[about its eponym]  Starting from the backward inside edge, you land on the backward outside edge of the other foot. YOu bend the leg [at the knee] you start from and extend your free leg behind to then swing it forward and take off. You can do a single, double, triple or quadruple Salchow.

"Axel

• Take-off: forward outside edge  

The axel is the only jump where a skater takes off in a forward motion. You bend your knees and kick your free leg forward to help with take-off. You land on the backward outside edge of your opposite foot. A single Axel consists of one and a half rotation.

So really, when you do a triple Axel, you make three and a half revolutions which is almost four revolutions!

Double Olympic champion [2014 Sochi, and 2018 PyeongChang County 江原道平昌郡] Hanyu Yuzuru of Japan has said he would like to attempt a quadruple Axel during the Olympics. He attempted one at the Japanese Championship in December [2021], but the jump was fully rotated and he landed on two feet.

A quad Axel has never been completed in competition.

[about the eponym]

"FLIP

• Take-off: backward inside, with toe pick

To manage this toe jump, you'll have to use the toe-pick of your opposite leg. So, get yourself on the backward inside edge, stretch your free leg behind and tap your free leg toe-pick [on ice] to lift yourself up. You'll land on what was your free foot to start with, the one with whichyou toe-picked. Try a double, triple or quadruple flip.

"Lutz

• Take-off: backward outside, with toe-pick

You don't really know if you\re doing a flip or a Lutz? Which edge are you taking off from? That's what differentiate both jumps. The flip takes off from backward inside edge. The Lutz from the backward outside edge. With both, you use the opposite foot toe-pick and you land on that opposite leg. But as you take off and land on the same edge for a Lutz, it means you're doing a counter-rotation which makes it more difficult.

Austrian skater Alois Lutz landed his eponymous jump for the first time during a competition in 1913. ROC athlete Alexandra Trusova was the first woman to land on a Quadruple Lutz in competition [at 2018 JGP Armenia, compared with American man Brandon Mroz at 2011 Colorado Springs Invitational who accomplished the same feat].

"Toe loop

• Take-off: backward outside, with toe-pick

The difference between this jump and the two previous toe jumps described here is that you land on the same foot you took off from. Like for the Lutz, you start from the backward outside edge, stretch your free leg behind and pick your toe on the ice to launch yourself up and rotate (two, three or four times). You then land on the backward outside edge of your starting foot.

(i) Olympics.com is the official website of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
(ii) The ch in Salchow is pronounced k.
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/salchow
(iii) As you can discern by now, a skater jumps with either toe pick (or toe-pick, toepick, on the skating leg) or edge (in which the skater both bends the knee of the skating leg AND swing the other, free leg (sometimes after that the latter toe picks the ice, as in flip (see above) ).  
(iv) skate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skate

In this Wiki page, u the category of "Sports," there are two kinds of skates that look similar: "ice skate" (also used in hockey) and "figure skate." Click the latter, you will see a photo with toe pick at the front of the blade.

(d) The following is not more helpful. So, read the quotation only.

Alexander Abad-Santos, A GIF Guide to Figure Skating Jumps at the Olympics. The Atlantic, Feb 5, 2014
https://www.theatlantic.com/cult ... ps-olympics/357723/

Quote:

(i) "The Wire talked to former US Figure Skating National Team member Katrina Hacker to help us explain jumps in plain English.

(ii) "The six most common jumps in competitive figure skating can be divided into two categories: toe jumps -- the toe loop, the flip, and the Lutz -- and edge jump -- the Salchow, loop, and the Axel. * * *

" 'In toe jumps, the skater plants the toe-pick of his free leg and uses it to help him launch into the air. In edge jumps, the skater essentially just uses knee bend to launch,' Hacker told The Wire.


(e) A picture is worth a thousand words.

Returning to (2). There is no need to read the text.  Just view a photo and a diagram that were published in hard copy inside the NYT report.

(i) The multiple-exposure photo began from the right margin and moved toward the left, showing Nathan Chen executing a quad-triple (alternatively, quad/triple) combo at the outset of his freestyle (or long program). (It appears that New York Times does not differentiate combination (combo) from sequence. See (1).)

In the first jump (at right) atop Chen were four white arcs, divided when Chen faced the viewer (ie, you). The photo is taken from the website Nytimes.com and had no words in it, However, online had "1st revolution," "2nd," "3rd," "4th" -- followed by three white arcs labeled with "1st revolution," "2nd," "3rd" in the second jump to the left of the photo.

[TODAY'S SUPPLEMENT STARTS HERE] Also in the photo, below Chen are two black-dotted domes (each representing a jump). In print, the first dome, on the right, was marked underneath with "quadruple flip" whereas the second dome, on the left, with "triple toe loop."

(Yesterday I had a hard time uploading the photo, whose size was 2.3 MB (megabytes). However, this site (Yilubbs.com does not accept an attachment more than 2 MB. Today I came to Cambridge Public Library to ask tech staff at its Tech Bar, who downloaded my file (a document) from Google Drive to library computer, saved it in Microsoft Paint software and downloaded in yet another software, The file in the last step was under 800 KB, without losing discernible resolution. clarity.)

Chen's combo is attachment 1 at the bottom of this Yilubbs page.

(ii) Also in the hard copy was a diagram, which showed the top four singles skiers in Beijing Olympics, with Nathan Chen in the left-most column. Starting from left margin (in this diagram) was Chen 陈巍 (gold medalist; 1999- ), Yūma KAGIYAMA 鍵山 優真 (silver medalist, 2003- ;In Kanji, a key and a lock is 鍵 and 錠, respectively), Shōma UNO 宇野 昌磨 (bronze medalist; 1997- ), and Yuzuru HA-NYU 羽生 結弦 (4th place; 1994- ; gold medalists in both 2014 and 2018 Olympics).

Attachment 2 is the diagram headlined "Jumps Attempted by the Top Four Skaters." Underneath were a blue-person (signifying a -- one -- successful jump, and a red-person icon (signifying an attempted but then aborted jump, resulting deduction of points). After that, focus on Chen, who alone made five successful quads (all successful). Kagiyama made three successful quads, and one attempted but aborted quad. Return to Chen, who in this diagram opened with (left to right) quad- (triple) "toe" (short for "toe loop"), indicated by a vertical line segment connecting the two with "COMBO" to the left   
of the midpoint of the line segment.

choi

choi 发表于 2-19-2022 13:01
(2) Juliet Macur, Five Breathtaking Leaps, and the Smile Clinched It; Skating last, Chen beat nerves ...

(3) The NYT diagram, aforementioned, meshed with the play-by-play description at the official website of Olympics.

Nick McCarvel, Nathan Chen's Golden Day: On Elton John, His Olympic 'Power Pose' and That Mid-Program Smile. Olympics.com, Feb 11, 2022.
https://olympics.com/en/news/nat ... ympics-beijing-2022

two consecutive paragraphs:

"Chen opened with a nearly 20-point combination, a quadruple flip-triple toe-loop, then another quad flip and that jump he was worried about, the quad Salchow.

"Two quads later - a [quad] Lutz and then a [quad] toe in combination [with a single flip, see NEXT clause] - he broke into a wry smile, tacking on a single flip to that toe, which led to his final jumps: An [triple] axel and a triple Lutz-triple toe.