美芯中片之争

choi

林枫, 年终报道：美中会因半导体之争而开战吗？ VOA Chinese, Dec 10, 2022.
https://www.voachinese.com/a/yea ... 221210/6869029.html

Note:
(a) "美国国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文10月12日发表拜登政府的《国家安全战略》演讲时提到 '小院高墙' (small yard, high fence)的概念。他说，当涉及到保护关键技术时，'基础技术的关键点必须在这个院子里，而且栅栏必须高，因为我们的战略竞争对手不应该能够利用美国和盟国的技术来破坏美国和盟国的安全。' * * * 华盛顿智库战略与国际研究中心(CSIS)经济项目高级研究员杰拉德·迪皮波(Gerard DiPippo)对美国之音说，7月份传出中国最大的芯片制造企业中芯国际(SMIC)制造出7纳米芯片的消息刺激了拜登政府，那是一个重大的技术突破，他们因此决定加快脚步。 * * * 曾在2018年至2021年在美国国家情报委员会(National Intelligence Council)担任负责经济情报分析的副国家情报官员迪皮波 * * * 战略与国际研究中心的迪皮波警告说，考虑到美中关系的紧张仍有进一步加剧的趋势，华盛顿可能会扩大对中国的高科技出口限制范围。   '很难知道它会在哪里结束，' 迪皮波说，'因为美国政府仍然会谈论所谓 "小院高墙" 的做法。这个 '院子' 到底有多大，我不清楚，对国际公司来说可能也不清楚，但它的范围似乎还在扩大。我认为，最终，如果美中关系变得越来越差"

Remarks by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on the Biden-⁠Harris Administration’s National Security Strategy. White House, Oct 12, 2022.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/brief ... -security-strategy/

seven consecutive paragraphs:

"And we are making progress in addressing outbound investments in sensitive technologies, especially technologies and investments that would not be captured by export controls and that could accelerate the capabilities of our competitors in the most sensitive areas.

"For example, last week, we launched significant, carefully tailored restrictions on semiconductor technology exports to the PRC, focused on advanced semiconductor manufacturing tools, the most advanced chips, and supercomputing capabilities.

"These restrictions are premised on straightforward national security concerns. These technologies are used to develop and field advanced military systems, including weapons of mass destruction, hypersonic missiles, autonomous systems, and mass surveillance.

"Many of you have heard the term 'small yard, high fence' when it comes to protecting critical technologies.  The concept has been citied at think tanks and universities and conferences for years.  We are now implementing it.

"Chokepoints for foundational technologies have to be inside that yard, and the fence has to be high—because our strategic competitors should not be able to exploit American and allied technologies to undermine American and allied security.

Alongside these efforts in the technology realm, we are charting new arrangements to shape the economic rules of the road while protecting the interests of American workers.

"The bottom line is that we can’t just fall back on the traditional FTAs of the past.

(ii) The Italian surname "Di Pippo" means child of "from a [Italian] pet form of the [Italian] personal name Filippo from Greek Philippos (see Philip)."  (The di is a preposition.)
(A) Gerard DiPippo, Senior Fellow, Economics Program. CSIS, undated
https://www.csis.org/people/gerard-dipippo
("He joined CSIS after nearly 11 years in the US intelligence community (IC). From 2018 to 2021, DiPippo was a deputy national intelligence officer for economic issues at the National Intelligence Council, where he led the IC's economic analysis of East Asia. He also was a senior economic analyst at the Central Intelligence Agency, focused on East Asia, South Asia, and global economic issues. DiPippo holds a bachelor's degree in economics and philosophy from Dartmouth College")
(B) The en.wikipedia.org says "The National Intelligence Council (NIC), established in 1979 and reporting to the Director of National Intelligence, bridges the United States Intelligence Community (IC) with policy makers in the United States," and that its incumbent chair (since Jan 21, 2021) is Avril Haines, who is also the incumbent Director of National Intelligence (DNI; a cabinet-level official created in a 2004 federal law; Haines was appointed -- by president with senate advice and consent -- DNI same day in 2021).''
• Wikipedia does not mention NIC's composition, which is explained this way:

National Intelligence Council -- Who We Are. Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), undated
https://www.dni.gov/index.php/wh ... /nic/nic-who-we-are
("The NIC's National Intelligence Officers — drawn from government, academia, and the private sector—are the Intelligence Community's senior experts on a range of regional and functional issues")
• (Modern) French-English dictionary:
* Avril (noun masculine; from Old French avril, from Latin [noun masculine singular (my guess is that 'singular; is necessary so that English speakers will misunderstand it as plural] Aprīlis): "April"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avril

Origin (etymology) of Latin Aprilis is unclear.

Modern English April also descends from same Old French avril, but re-Latinised from v to p (I do not know when and by whom).


(b) "沙利文在9月16日的另一场演讲中也曾提到出口管制。他说，'在出口管制方面，我们必须重新审视在某些关键技术方面保持对竞争对手的相对‘ "优势" 这一长期前提。 我们以前保持了一种 "滑动比例" 的方法，即我们只需要保持几个代际的领先。（但）这不是我们今天所处的战略环境。鉴于某些技术的基础性质，如先进的逻辑和存储芯片，我们必须保持尽可能大的领先优势。' "

Remarks by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan at the Special Competitive Studies Project Global Emerging Technologies Summit. White House, Sept 16, 2022.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/brief ... echnologies-summit/

Quote:

(i) "we see four pillars at the heart of our strategy:

"First, investing in our science and technology ecosystem;

"Second, nurturing top STEM talent;

"Third, protecting our technology advantages;

"And fourth, deepening and integrating our alliances and partnerships.


(ii) "The third pillar is protecting our technology advantages, and preventing our competitors from stealing America’s intellectual property, and using our technologies against us or their own people.

"Our competitors are using increasingly sophisticated means to illicitly acquire sensitive technologies, information, and know-how, and we must adapt accordingly.

"On export controls, we have to revisit the longstanding premise of maintaining 'relative' advantages over competitors in certain key technologies.  We previously maintained a 'sliding scale' approach that said we need to stay only a couple of generations ahead.

"That is not the strategic environment we are in today.

"Given the foundational nature of certain technologies, such as advanced logic and memory chips, we must maintain as large of a lead as possible.

• For lack of a better words, Mr Sullivan uses " 'sliding scale' approach.: That is my guess.

First of all, sliding scale is different from slude rule.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

sliding scale (n): "a flexible scale (as of fees or subsidies) adjusted to the needs or income of individuals  <the sliding scale of medical fees>"   
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sliding%20scale

(This is the only definition in other online dictionaries. It means that the more income a patient earns, the more he will be charged -- for the same service or treatment. It seems to me to be similar to Uber's charging. That is precisely what is said.
Jennifer Marston, Uber Eats Trades Its Flat Delivery Fee for Sliding-Scale Payments. The Spoon, Aug 9, 2018.
https://thespoon.tech/uber-eats- ... ing-scale-payments/
There is no need to rea text.)