Le Havre, Where Impressionism Was Born 150 Years Ago

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Elaine Sciolino, Where Impressionism First Took Shape; Monet's vision still resonates in Le Havre, a sometimes under appreciated French city. New York Times, May 25, 2024, at page C7 (C is Arts section).
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/ ... rance-le-havre.html

Note:
(a)
(i) exhibition: Paris 1874[;] Inventing impressionism. Musée d'Orsay, Mar 26-July 14, 2024
https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/wh ... nting-impressionism
("150 years ago, on April 15, 1874, the first impressionist exhibition opened in Paris. 'Hungry for independence,' Monet, Renoir, Degas, Morisot, Pissarro, Sisley and Cézanne finally decided to free themselves from the rules by holding their own exhibition, outside official channels: impressionism was born. * * * 'Paris 1874' reviews the circumstances that led these 31 artists (only seven of whom are well-known across the world today) to join forces and exhibit their works together. The period in question had a post-war climate, following two conflicts: the Franco-German War of 1870, and then a violent civil war")

The civil war alludes to Paris Commune
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Commune
(Mar 18-May 28, 1971)
(A) The text (in this Web page) does not discuss the painting highlighted in Note (a)(iii) below, whose significance, apparently from the facts that both the NYT article and this Web page of the Museum choose it as the focus point.
(B) The quotation mentions "rules." What rules?

Impressionism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism
(section 2 Beginning)

Impressionism (n): "often capitalized"
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/impressionism
(ii) Regarding the name of Musée d'Orsay.
(A) Musée d'Orsay, in Paris,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay
(1986- ; "is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts [literally meaning fine arts] railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 [there was a continent-wide (failed) revolution that year] to 1914, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and photography. It houses the largest collection of Impressionist and post-Impressionist masterpieces in the world")
is national, state-funded museum.

The words gare and beaux are defined in (b).
(B) So, Museum name was from station name, which in turn came from name of a palace which had stood there.  

The palace was erected over over a period of 28 years, from 1810 to 1838, but soldiers of Paris Commune burned down the largely empty palace on the night of May 23-24, 1871.  en.wikipedia.org for  "Gare d'Orsay."
(C) Still, Orsay is a commune apart from Paris, so why did Orsay apply to a place in Paris?

Orsay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsay
("a commune * * * located in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France, 20.7 km (12.9 mi) from the centre of Paris. * * * From the sixteenth century, the town and surrounding area were owned by the Boucher family, and it was in honour of this family that Louis XIV gave the quai d'Orsay [click to read the last section, which is section 2 Name's origin] its name. This is the reason that the Musée d'Orsay is not in Orsay")

Hence, Musée d'Orsay is located at quai d'Orsay? Indeed, it is.
(D) wharf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharf
("A marginal wharf [such as quai d'Orsay] is connected to the shore along its full length * * * In everyday parlance the term quay is common in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and many other Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland, whereas the term wharf is more common in the United States."/ section 2 Etymology: wharf from Old English, and quay from Celtic)

A wharf may be parallel or perpendicular to a shore. For the latter, see Long Wharf (Boston)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Wharf_(Boston)
(E) Rive Gauche
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rive_Gauche
("Here [at the 7th arrondissement] the river flows roughly westward")
The words rive and gauche are to be defined in (b).

arrondissement of Paris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Paris
(section 1 Description)
(iii) Impression, Sunrise
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise
(1872; French: Impression, soleil levant; section 7 Monet's depictions of the port of Le Havre)
Is owned by Musée Marmottan Monet in Paris.
(A) Please read the introduction and the sections 1 and 2, the latter explaining how the words impression and impressionist came about.
(B) The Levant or Levant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant
View the top map for the dark green. (Take notice that the top of the Levant is Syria, whose northwestern corner abuts a tiny, demarcated a tiny area by the Mediterranean Sea is part of Turkey.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey
Most of Turkey is not part of the Levant.

The English noun Levant is "from Old French [of the same spelling], from the [Old French, not Latin] present participle of [verb] lever to raise (referring to the rising of the sun in the east), from Latin [verb] levāre" to raise)
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/levant


(b) French-English dictionary:
* The English noun impression came from Old French of the same spelling, which in turn came from Latin noun feminine impressio push or impression, which then came from verb imprimere to press, print.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impression
* gare (noun feminine; from French verb garer to dock, park): "railway station"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gare
* beau (adjective masculine; masculine plural beaux):
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beau
* rive (noun feminine; from Latin [noun feminine] rīpa bank of a river or shore of a sea): "bank"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rive
* gauche
* soleil (noun masculine; from diminutive of Latin noun masculine sōl sun): "sun"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soleil
* levant (adjective masculine): "rising"
(noun masculine): "the east, the orient"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/levant
* havre (noun masculine): "(archaic or dialectal) harbor"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/havre
* fauve (adjective and noun masculine): "tawny"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fauve
Please read more about noun definitions.
* terrasse (noun feminine): "terrace"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrasse


(c) "Monet [born in Paris in 1840], who grew up in Le Havre on the Normandy coast * * * This year, France is celebrating the 150th anniversary of the movement. * * * It's worth a trip to Le Havre just to visit the Musée d'Art Moderne André Malraux, which opened in 1961. * * * MuMa, as it is called, has arguably the most important collection of Impressionist paintings in France outside the Musée d'Orsay (Rouen's Musée des Beaux-Arts makes the same claim). MuMa's collection is also home to some of the world's most famous paintings from the Fauvist movement that followed. * * * [French architect Auguste] Perret's St Joseph's Church, completed in 1957, three years after his death, soars to 350 feet and resembles a small-scale New York City skyscraper. Concrete columns rise to angled buttresses and an octagonal cupola. The steeple is lined with more than 12,000 panes of stained glass.
(i) Le Havre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre
("is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine. * * * The city and port were founded by King Francis I in 1517. * * * Its port is the second largest in France, after that of Marseille, for total traffic, and the largest French container port")

The word havre is defined in (b).
(ii) Musée d’Art Moderne André Malraux - MuMa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_modern_art_André_Malraux_-_MuMa
("is named after André Malraux, Minister of Culture when the museum was opened in 1961")
(iii) Rouen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen
("a city on the River Seine * * * Rouen is known for Rouen Cathedral, with its Tour de Beurre (butter tower) financed by the sale of indulgences for the consumption of butter during Lent. The cathedral's gothic façade (completed in the 16th century) was the subject of a series of paintings by Claude Monet * * * There are many museums in Rouen: the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen")
(iv) Fauvism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauvism
("les Fauves (French for the wild beasts) * * * The paintings of the Fauves were characterized by seemingly wild brush work and strident colors, while their subject matter had a high degree of simplification and abstraction")

The word fauve is defined in (b).
tawny (color)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawny_(color)
(v) St Joseph's Church, Le Havre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Le_Havre


(d) "In the summer of 1867, while visiting his aunt in Sainte-Adresse, Monet painted 'Garden at Sainte-Adresse,' which now hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York."

Garden at Sainte-Adresse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_at_Sainte-Adresse
("French title La terrasse à Sainte-Adresse * * * Monet spent the summer of 1867 at the resort town of Sainte-Adresse [a commune 'situated some 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Le Havre city centre'] on the English Channel, near Le Havre (France)")

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437133
("enlisting his father (shown seated in a panama hat) and other relatives as models")