周金波’s 1940 Fiction

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Hiroaki Sato, Taiwanese Writer Chou Chin-Bo as War Victim. Japan Times, Mar 30, 2015.
www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/201 ... chin-bo-war-victim/

"Changing surnames to Japanese-sounding names wasn’t promoted, unlike in Korea. But some Taiwanese changed their names, believing that doing so would help their social advancement.

Note:
(a)
(i) The commentary does not have a corresponding Japanese-language edition.
(ii) 佐藤 紘彰 (1942- ; master’s in English from 同志社大学 at Kyoto, 1968; came right to US to work for 日本貿易振興会 JETRO; lecturers in Japanese literature at St Andrews Presbyterian College (1885-1998; in 2011 renamed St Andrews University) and University of Massachusetts (1998- ); 2006 a naturalized US citizen)

(b) "a dozen years ago when Sallie Huang got in touch with me to ask for my help with the Japanese-language part of the trilingual pamphlet she was writing (the two others were English and Chinese). At the time China’s insistence that Taiwan was part of its sovereignty was reaching another danger point, and Huang argued that China got its history all wrong. (‘Grass-root case for independent Taiwan,’ JT, Dec 27, 2004).”
(i) Hiroaki Sato, Grass-Root Case for Independent Taiwan. Japan Times, Dec 27, 2004
www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/200 ... -independent-taiwan
(Sallie Huang’s monograph, “Fiction and Reality”)
(ii) 楊貞惠 Sallie Chen Huiy Huang (1937-2013; also known as Jane Yang; father 楊昭璧 and mother 李美治; married Paky Pa-Kai Huang, MD/PhD in 1962; lived in Tokyo 1962-1975; emigrated to US in 1975)
(iii) Fiction and Reality OR Falsehood and Truth 虛構與真相; 探討台灣加入聯合國的障礙 (2004; bilingual)

(c) “Chou’s story in question, ‘The Volunteer’ (Shiganhei), so radically reflects the popular sentiments in Taiwan circa 1940 — at least one segment thereof — that a bit of historical background may be called for.”
(i) See (e) for definition.
(ii) 1941 9月，周金波發表日文小說〈志願兵〉於《文藝臺灣》第2卷6號。日文小說。Tainan: National Museum of Taiwan Literature 國立台灣文學館, undated.
www.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option ... =295&Itemid=238

(d) “In fact, the Japanese military lost far greater numbers of people during ‘the pacification of Taiwan’ from disease than during the direct fights with China.”
(i) 乙未戦争  Itsubi-sensō
ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/乙未戦争
(May 29 - Oct 21, 1895; 当時の公文書や1895年11月の樺山資紀台湾総督による台湾平定宣言に基づき、台湾平定の他、台湾平定作戦、あるいは台湾征討と呼称される; 戦力: Japan 37,000, Taiwan "官軍 35,000人 義兵 100,000人"/ 損害: Japan "戦死 164人  戦病死 4,642人  負傷 515人,"  Taiwan 死傷 14,000人)

translation: based on official documents at the time and Taiwan Governor KABAYAMA Sukenori’s 台湾平定宣言 proclaimed in NOvember 1895, it is known as 台湾平定, as well as 台湾平定作戦 or 台湾征討
(ii) 日清戦争
ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日清戦争
(戦力: Japan 240,616, China 630,000; 損害: Japan (戦死 1,132  戦傷死 285  病死 11,894  戦傷病 3,758), China 死傷 35,000)
(iii) 甲午 (Japanese pronunciation: kōgo) の年 = 1894; 乙未の年 = 1895

(e) "In the latter half of the 1930s, Japan pushed a Japanization policy in Taiwan. Called kouminka, 'turning colony people into the Emperor’s people,' it included promotion of the use of the Japanese language in schools as well as in homes, and the adoption of Japanese customs and Shintoism."

Japanese English dictionary
* shiganhei 志願兵 【しがんへい】 (n): "volunteer soldier"
* kōminka 皇民化 【こうみんか】 (v): "imperialize"
* hakushu 拍手 【はくしゅ】
* gasshō 合掌 【がっしょう】 (n,v): "pressing one's hands together in prayer"

(f) " In fact, the brother-in-law’s friend has already changed his surname from Taka — the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese gao — to Takamine 高峰. In addition, he claps his hands in praying at a Shinto shrine the Japanese way."
(i) Japanese do not have Taka 高 as a surname.
(ii)
(A) Why are the hands clapped when praying at shrines (Shintoism) and placed together when praying at temples (Buddhism)?   Atlas Corp, undated (under the heading "To Puzzling Features of Everyday Life and Customs in Japan")
atlasp.net/questions/4.html

For definitions of “hakushu” and “gasshou,” see (e).
(B) Prayer at Temples and Shrines. Japan Experience, undated
www.japan-experience.com/to-know/visiting-japan/praying-in-japan
("In a Shinto shrine, prayer follows a specific pattern. First, put a little change into the big red box at the entrance of the honden 本殿, or the main building, and ring the bell. Bow twice, then clap your hands twice to signal your presence to the local deity. After you have a moment of silence, bow one last time")

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