Emily S Rueb, Why the Waterworks Work? New York Times, Apr 4, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/0 ... terworks-works.html
Quote:
"Paul V Rush, an engineer in charge of operating and maintaining the supply north of the city line, says the [waterworks] system's main principle is treating water at the source 'as opposed to the end of the pipe.'
Q: "What makes New York City tap water taste so good?
A: "Thanks in part to the geology of the Catskill Mountains, which have very little limestone rock, the city's water contains low levels of bitter-tasting calcium. As a result, New York has delicious bagels and pizza crust. * * * Water usage has actually decreased more than 30 percent [unclear whether this is per capita or as a whole] since the 1980s. Modern toilets, faucets and showerheads use less water. The city has also hunted down and fixed leaks in water mains.
Note:
(a) "One hundred years ago, mountain water from the Catskills began flowing into the cupped hands of New York City."
Catskill Mountains
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catskill_Mountains
(map in the right column; section 1 Name)
(b) "In 1907, construction began on a network of reservoirs, tunnels and an aqueduct that would deliver clean water from nearly 100 miles away [to New York City]. * * * along the route from the Ashokan Reservoir to the Bronx to build the Catskill system. The cost: $177 million, about $4 billion today."
(i) Ashokan Reservoir is man-made, created by damming Esopus Creek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esopus_Creek
(view map in the right column; takes its name from the Esopus tribe of the Lenape, who were the Native American residents of the lower Esopus when the Dutch first explored and settled the Hudson Valley in the early 17th century)
(ii)
(A) Ashokan Farewell FAQ
jayandmolly.com/ashokan-farewell/ashokan-farewell-faq/
("Ashokan is [sic; was -- no longer exists; a Native American word] the name of a town, most of which is now under a very beautiful and magical body of water called the Ashokan Reservoir. I’ve heard it pronounced a-shó-kun, a-shó-kan, or sometimes ásh-o-kán. The reservoir provides drinking water for New York City one hundred miles to the south")
(B) Ashokan Farewell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashokan_Farewell
(a piece of music composed by Jay Ungar in 1982)
(C) Jay Ungar and Molly Mason, Ashokan Music and Dance. August 2, 2015 · Saugerties, NY.
https://www.facebook.com/ashokan ... s/10153499475354591
("The word 'Ashokan' means 'good place to fish,' or 'rushing waters,' in the language of the Lenape people whose homeland was what is now eastern New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and parts of Maryland and Delaware. Ashokan is also a common name in India [of South Asia] and can be traced back to Ashoka the Great, a famous Indian Emperor of the Maurya Dynasty from 269 to 232 BC. Ashoka began as a ruthless conquerer, but eventually converted to Buddhism and non-violence ruling a multinational, multilingual empire in peace and prosperity for many years. See Ashokan Pillars http://tinyurl.com/p8er7uz ")
* Ashokan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashokan
(may refer to: "The adjective form of Ashoka (304–232 BCE), Indian emperor")
* Ashoka
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka
(Ashoka's name "Aśoka" means "painless, without sorrow" in Sanskrit (the a privativum and śoka pain, distress / section 2.1 Buddhist conversion)
(to be continued)
|