The issue is about JOBS.
(1) Thomas Biesheuvel, 500,000 Tons of Steel. 14 Jobs.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/a ... l-a-year-in-austria
Note:
(a) summary underneath the title in print: A mill in Austria shows how automation in steelmaking augurs less employment -- but better conditions
(b) The print is same as the online version.
(c) "The Austrian village of Donawitz has been an iron-smelting center since the 1400s, when [iron] ore was dug from mines carved out of the snow-capped peaks nearby. Over the centuries, Donawitz developed into the Hapsburg Empire’s steel-production hub, and by the early 1900s it was home to Europe's largest mill. With the opening of Voestalpine AG's new rolling mill this year, the industry appears secure. What's less certain are the jobs. The plant, a two-hour drive southwest of Vienna, will need just 14 employees to make 500,000 tons of robust steel wire a year—vs. as many as 1,000 in a mill with similar capacity built in the 1960s. * * * [in the Donawitz plant:] The three technicians sitting in what's called the 'pulpit'—a structure like a ship's bridge high above the plant floor—mostly play a monitoring role"
(i) For Donawitz, see basic oxygen steelmaking
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_oxygen_steelmaking
("The process was developed in 1948 by Robert Durrer [nationality: Swiss] and commercialized in 1952–1953 by Austrian V[Ö]EST and ÖAMG. The LD [Linz–Donawitz] converter, named after the Austrian towns Linz and Donawitz (a district of [City of] Leoben) is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen")
(ii) VÖEST (full name: Vereinigte Österreichische Eisen und Stahlwerke, English: United Austrian Iron and Steelworks) merged with ÖAMG (full name: Österreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft; English for 'Alpine Montangesellschaft': Alpine Mining Society) and other companies in the 1970s, and the resulting company took the name Vöest-Alpine AG" which is based in Linz.
(iii) German-English dictionary:
* österreichische (adj): "inflected form of österreichisch"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/österreichische
* österreichisch (adj; from Österreich [Austria] + -isch [suffix to convert a noun to an adjective]): "Austrian"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%B6sterreichisch
(d) "From 2008 through 2015, Europe’s steel workforce shrank by almost 84,000 jobs—about 20 percent—to 320,000. "
(e) "Voestalpine's Linz headquarters, 110 miles north of Donawitz"
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