Bloomberg News

choi

(1) Cagan Koc and Diederik Baazil, Controversial Chip in Huawei Phone Produced on ASML Machine. Bloomberg, Oct 25, 2023.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/a ... ced-on-asml-machine
https://theedgemalaysia.com/node/687662
("ASML’s so-called immersion deep ultraviolet machines were used in combination with tools from other companies to make the Huawei Technologies Co chip * * * ASML has never been able to sell its EUV machines to China because of export restrictions. But less advanced DUV models can be retooled with deposition and etching gear to produce 7-nanometer and possibly even more advanced chips, according to industry analysts. The process is much more expensive than using EUV, making it very difficult to scale production in a competitive market environment")

Note: We knew this already. This also explains why Intel can not mass produce chips equal to or lower than 7 nm.


(2) Yoshiaki Nohara, Germany to Pass Japan as Third-Largest Economy, Helped by Weak Yen. Bloomberg, Oct 24, 2023.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/a ... -helped-by-weak-yen
https://windsorstar.com/pmn/busi ... -helped-by-weak-yen
("The yen weakness has largely been caused by fundamental differences in monetary policy. The Federal Reserve [of the United States] and the European Central Bank have raised interest rates from pandemic lows to tackle inflation while the Bank of Japan has stayed in stimulus mode ]BOJ in its its September 2023 meeting maintained its key short-term interest rate at -0.1% and that of 10-year bond yields at around 0%] as it looks to nurture price growth after years of deflation. * * * the ending of its [BOJ's] negative interest rate is not widely expected to come until next year. * * * Japan’s economy minister Yasutoshi NISHIMURA [西村 康稔 (稔 is harvest in Japan, whose Japanese pronunciation toshi is used in name only] said on Tuesday [Oct 25] when asked about the IMF projections. * * * Average gross domestic product per person in Germany is projected [in 2023] at $52,824 compared with $33,950 in Japan")

Note:
(a) Populations of Germany and Japan are 123,719,238 and 84,220,184 (both 2023 estimates), respectively, according to (current) CIA World Factbook.
(b) GDP per capita is projected to be $52,824 (in Germany) compared with $33,950 in Japan. Both are ("nominal") figures based on official exchange rates. Real GDPs per capita for Germany and Japan, respectively, were $53,200 and $40,800 (2021 est.; data are in 2017 dollars).

Data are based in 2017 (American) dollars. This is necessary, because due to inflation, the value of $1 decreases with year. So the fact that $40,800 was both "2021 est." and "data are in 2017 dollars" makes the current Real; GDP per capita for Japan LARGER than $40,800.