Why Haiti Is in Such Poor Shape

choi

Haiti’s history | Many Trials and Errors; A legacy of villains, inside and outside the country. Economist, Feb 18, 2012
http://www.economist.com/node/21547763
(book review on Laurent Dubois, Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012)

Note:
(a) Haiti
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti
(Ayiti (land of high mountains) was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island [now called Hispaniola];  It was the first independent nation in Latin America and the Caribbean and the first black-led republic in the world when it gained independence as part of a successful slave revolution in 1804; that year (1804), Napoléon Bonaparte dispatched military to quash rebellion, but thanks to yellow fever, "More than 50,000 French troops died in an attempt to retake colony, including 18 generals";

Quote: "In 1815, Simón Bolívar, the South American political leader who was instrumental in Latin America's struggle for independence from Spain, received military and financial assistance from Haiti. Bolívar had fled to Haiti after an attempt had been made on his life in Jamaica, where he had unsuccessfully sought support for his efforts. In 1817, on condition that Bolívar free any enslaved people he encountered in his fight for South American independence, Haitian president Alexandre Pétion provided Bolívar with soldiers, weapons and financial assistance, which were critical in enabling him to liberate the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Now Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela).
(b)
(i) communitarian (n and adj; First Known Use circa 1919):
"of or relating to social organization in small cooperative partially collectivist communities"
www.m-w.com
(ii) communitarian (n):
"1.  a member of a communist community  
2.  an advocate of communalism"
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/communitarian