Quinoa + Strawberries

choi

(1) The Andes’ new cash crop | Quinoa Selection; Foreign interest grows in an old highland staple. Economist, May 12, 2012.
http://www.economist.com/node/21554570  

Note:
(a) Quinoa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoa
(a grain-like crop grown primarily for its edible seeds; It is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal, or grain, as it is not a member of the grass family; section 1 Overview)
(b) Abugoch JLE, Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): composition, chemistry, nutritional, and functional properties. Adv Food Nutr Res 58: 1-31 (2009; review).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19878856

(2) Florence Fabricant, Curious Berries to Tide You Over. New York Times, May 16, 2012.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/1 ... now-in-markets.html

Note:
(a) The report mentions Greenmarket, with a capital g.

(i) Greenmarket Farmers Markets
http://www.grownyc.org/greenmarket
(Greenmarket was founded in 1976)

Quote: "What began over three decades ago with 12 farmers in a parking lot on 59th Street and 2nd Avenue in Manhattan has now grown to become the largest and most diverse outdoor urban farmers market network in the country, now with 53 markets, over 230 family farms and fishermen participating"

(ii) Nowadays, a few American dictionaries defines "greenmarket" (with a lower-case g) as a generic term for "farmers' market."

For example:
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, by Houghton Mifflin
http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/greenmarket
(b) raspberry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry
(section 2 Major kinds of cultivated raspberries)
(i) Rubus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus
(a genus; The generic name means blackberry in Latin and was derived from the word ruber, meaning "red")
(ii) The "generic" is adjective of noun "genus," which in turn is a Latin noun meaning "birth, kind, class."

(c) garden strawberry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_strawberry

Quote:

"The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of Fragaria virginiana from eastern North America and Fragaria chiloensis, which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier[, a French] in 1714.

"Cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry, which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century

(i) Fragaria virginiana. Vanderbilt University, undated.
http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frvi.htm
(ii) Fragaria chiloensis
http://countrystoreplants.com/proddetail.php?prod=10091

* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_chiloensis
("Its natural range is the Pacific Ocean coasts of North and South America, and also Hawaii. Migratory birds are thought to have dispersed F chiloensis from the Pacific coast of North America to the mountains of Hawaii, Chile, and Argentina" (citation omitted))
(iii) My comment:
(A) I took a look at photo of fruit in the Wiki page of "woodland strawberry" (binomial name: Fragaria vesca)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca
("Evidence from archaeological excavations suggests that Fragaria vesca has been consumed by humans since the Stone Age.[3] The woodland strawberry was first cultivated in ancient Persia where farmers knew the fruit as Toot Farangi. Its seeds were later taken along the Silk Road towards the far East and to Europe where it was widely cultivated until the 18th century, when it began to be replaced by the garden strawberry, (Fragaria × ananassa), which has much larger fruit")

, and concluded it (woodland) looked a bit (but not quite) like the "strasberry" in the NYT report.
(B) However, Wiki has a page for that, too:

strasberry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasberry
(binominal name not listed)
(C) Fortunately, biological literature shows strasberry IS Fragaria vesda. (View titles ONLY in (C) and (D); no need to click links, in other words.)

Koskela EA et al, Mutation in TERMINAL FLOWER1 reverses the photoperiodic requirement for flowering in the wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca. Plant Physiol, _: _ (online publication May 7, 2012).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22566495

Another way to say it is strasberry is NO new species, as many reports (including this one in NYT) strongly hint.
(D) In accord with (c)(iii)(A) above, China--but not Taiwan--has "strasberry" also.

Yan D et al, Evaluation of Chloropicrin Gelatin Capsule Formulation as a Soil Fumigant for Greenhouse Strawberry in China. J Agric Food Chem, _: _ (online publication May 10, 2012).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22551154

(d) The "pineberry" has the same lineage as garden strawberry (from cross of the same two species)--and the same scientific notation: Fragaria × ananassa.

Fragaria x ananassa 'White D' (Pineberry), sold by Strawberry Store.
http://www.thestrawberrystore.co ... amp;products_id=115
("It has been in existence since the 1700's and was developed in Sweden")

I speculate some mutation underlines the color change (albino?). The web page warns, "This variety cannot be shipped to the states of CA, AZ, HI, MT, NV, OR, UT, ID, TX, ND, SD, MS, NM, UT, NE, KS, OK, CO, WA or WY due to Japanese Beetle Quarantine Restrictions." This refers to plants, not fruits per se.