Jewish Quarter in Old Shanghai

choi

Barbara Demick, Shanghai Revisits Its Forgotten Jewish Past; The history of the 20,000 European Jews who fled to the Chinese city during World War II is being rediscovered. Los Angeles Times, Sept 18, 2012.
http://www.latimes.com/news/nati ... china-jews-20120918,0,3406801.story
("During World War II, 20,000 European Jews fled to Shanghai, one of the few places in the world they could go without a visa, and one of the few that put no limit on the number of Jews it would accept. * * * At first the Jewish refugees lived throughout the city, but in 1943, the Japanese, under pressure from their German allies, ordered them into Hongkou")

Note:
(a) Well, China, under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek did not get back (physically) the foreign concessions of Shanghai until after World War II.
(i) Shanghai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai

Quote:

"During the First Opium War (1839–1842), British forces occupied the city. The war ended with the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing, which allowed the British to dictate opening the treaty ports, Shanghai included, for international trade. The Treaty of the Bogue 虎门条约 signed in 1843, and the Sino-American Treaty of Wanghia 望厦条约 signed in 1844 forced Chinese concession to European and American desires for visitation and trade on Chinese soil. Britain, France, and the United States all carved out concessions outside the walled city of Shanghai, which was still ruled by the Chinese.

"The International Settlement was occupied by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 and remained occupied until Japan's surrender in 1945.
(ii) Shanghai International Settlement  上海公共租界
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement
(distinct areas of settlement for the Americans and the French were drawn out to the north and south of the British settlement; in 1863 the British and American settlements formally united to become the Shanghai International Settlement; In early 1943, new treaties signed by Chiang Kaishek's free Chinese government with Britain and British India on the one hand, and with the United States on the other hand, brought to an end the extraterritorial privileges which had been enjoyed by British subjects and American citizens for one hundred years)

Quote: "Shanghai was notable for a long period as the only place in the world that unconditionally offered refuge for Jews escaping from the Nazis. These refugees often lived in squalid conditions in an area known as the Shanghai ghetto [no Chinese translation; formally known as the Restricted Sector for Stateless Refugees 無国籍難民限定地区] in Hongkew [虹口 提篮桥地区]. On Aug 21, 1941 the Japanese government closed Hongkew to further Jewish immigration")

(b) Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum  上海犹太难民纪念馆
http://www.shanghaijews.org.cn/chinese/

museum director Rita TAN  陈 俭 (I presume she is of Fujian ancestry).
(c) Jewish/Judaic Studies  犹太研究, 犹太学
(d) I can not find Chinese name for "Shanghai Jewish Studies Youth Forum."
(e) The report mentions "Pan Guang * * * who heads the Center for Jewish Studies in Shanghai."
(i) Center for Jewish Studies Shanghai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_Jewish_Studies_Shanghai
(CJSS; 上海犹太研究中心; established in 1988; a department of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences [SASS; 上海社会科学院]
(ii) PAN Guang  潘光 教授

(f) The report states, "At the 1938 Evian conference, only the Dominican Republic, out of 32 countries attending, agreed to admit a sizable number."

Évian Conference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vian_Conference
(convened at the initiative of US President Franklin D Roosevelt; July 6-13, 1938; representatives from 32 countries met at Évian-les-Bains, France)
(g) The report says, "The Chinese consul in Vienna, Ho Feng-shan, supplied about 2,000 visas that the Austrian government required for Jews to leave. A Japanese diplomat in Lithuania, Chiune Sugihara, issued thousands more for Jewish refugees to exit through Japan as a transit point to Shanghai."
(i) HO Feng-shan  何 鳳山 (1901-1997; born in Hunan and died in San Francisco)
(ii) Chiune SUGIHARA  杉原 千畝
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara
(1900-1986)