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本帖最后由 choi 于 5-15-2016 12:25 编辑
(1) Jenifer Oldham, The Party's Is Over in Alaska.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/ar ... ty-s-over-in-alaska
Quote:
"The 40-year oil boom that turned Alaska from a frigid backwater into one of the nation's richest states is over. Not only have petroleum prices crashed, but Alaska's supply of crude is running out. Thirty years ago the state was pumping 2 million barrels a day, a quarter of all US output. But over the past decade, the Prudhoe Bay oil field, once the largest in North America, has started to reach the end of its life. Alaska's output has fallen to 500,000 barrels a day, enough to fill only one-quarter of the capacity of the state’s main economic artery, the 800-mile Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.
Bill "Walker, a 65-year-old former carpenter who won the governor’s office by about 6,000 votes in 2014 as an independent after leaving the Republican Party. * * * Walker is pushing lawmakers to impose an income tax for the first time in 35 years.
"He's also proposing going after the earnings of the $53 billion Alaska Permanent Fund. Established in 1976 by a constitutional amendment, the fund collects a quarter of the state's oil royalties and each year redistributes a portion of the earnings from its investments to Alaskans. Last year every man, woman, and child got a check for $2,072. Walker wants to cut that in half. The whole idea of the Permanent Fund was that it would be used to fund government when the oil fields ran dry. Lawmakers can't touch the principal. But its investment earnings are fair game.
"Alaska is in for tough times. Already, people are leaving. The state lost more residents than any other in 2015.
Note:
(a) summary underneath the title in print: With oil revenue off, Alaska may be out of savings in two years
(b) Alaska (The North Slope is mostly tundra peppered with small villages. where Prudhoe Bay Oil Field is; The 1968 discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay and the 1977 completion of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System led to an oil boom) en.wikipedia.org
(i) Prudhoe Bay Oil Field ("It is the largest oil field in both the United States and in North America, covering 213,543 acres (86,418 ha) and originally containing approximately 25 billion barrels (4.0×109 m3) of oil.[1] The amount of recoverable oil in the field is more than double that of the next largest field in the United States, the East Texas oil field") en.wikipedia.org
(A) Footnote 1 is Prudhoe Bay Fact Sheet. BP, March 2006. (What it means is the statement was true in 2006. I do not know whether it remains true today, and do not intend to find it out.)
(B) Naturally the oil field was named after Prudhoe Bay, Alaska.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay,_Alaska
Quote: "Prudhoe Bay was named in 1826 by British explorer Sir John Franklin after his classmate Captain Algernon Percy, Baron Prudhoe. Franklin traveled along the coast [east to west] from the mouth of the Mackenzie River [~ 400 km east of Alaska-Canada border] almost to Point Barrow.
(C) Prudhoe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe
(a town just south of the River Tyne; in the county of Northumberland; about 11 miles (18 km) west of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne)
(ii) Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS; 800 miles or 1,287 km long) privately owned; built after the 1973 oil crisis)
(A) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System
(privately owned; built after the 1973 oil crisis; view map)
(B) from Prudhoe Bay "to Valdez, the northernmost ice-free port in North America."
http://www.alyeska-pipe.com/TAPS
(a photo showing the pipe above ground)
(C) "The port of Valdez was named in 1790 after the Spanish Navy Minister Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán." en.wikipedia.org
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发表于 5-15-2016 11:53:35
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