Economist,Dec 22, 2012 (2-week combined issue)

choi

(1) China’s motorways | Get Your Kicks on Route G6; China is building a motorway across the Tibetan plateau. For some, reaching Lhasa by road is the ultimate dream.
http://www.economist.com/news/ch ... reaching-lhasa-road

Note:
(a) Beijing-Tibet Expressway  北京－西藏高速公路 (abbreviated to 京藏高速), also known as Beijing-Lhasa Expressway 京拉高速公路 or China National Expressway 6.

* 中国国家高速公路网
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4 ... C%E8%B7%AF%E7%BD%91
(总规模约8.5万公里; 是世界上规模最大的高速公路系统; 路线字母标识符采用汉语拼音“G”表示)
(b) Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau Expressway, the G4  京港澳高速公路
(c) Jimmingyi  鸡鸣驿
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%A1%E9%B8%A3%E9%A9%BF
(是位于河北省张家口市怀来县鸡鸣驿乡的一个驿站)

(d)
(i) Zhangjiakou  
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiakou
("historically known to the Europeans as Kalgan until the mid 20th century. This name derives from the Mongolian name of the city * * *  which means 'the gate' (in the Great Wall)"/ In 1909, Kalgan was connected by railway with Peking)
(ii) 张家口市
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82
(嘉靖八年（公元1529年）守备 张珍 在北城墙开一小门，曰“小北门”，因门小如口，又由张珍开筑，所以称“张家口"/ 清朝宣统元年（1909年）8月，由詹天佑主持设计的自北京至张家口的京张铁路建成并于11月通车，京张铁路是是中国首条不使用外国资金及人员，由中国人自行勘测、设计、施工完成，投入营运的铁路)
(iii) JEME Tien Yow  詹天佑
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeme_Tien_Yow
(1861-1919; born in present-day Guangzhou; Yale University (1878-1881; bachelor's degree in civil engineering)); Of those [of Chinese Educational Mission (1872-1881); 31 students in 1872, including Mr Jeme] who were sent abroad, only he and another student were able to obtain their college degrees)

(e) Bayannur  内蒙古自治区 巴彦淖尔市
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayannur
(The name of the city in Mongolian means "Rich Lake")
(f)

(i) Kumbum Monastery  塔尔寺
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbum_Monastery
(in Qinghai province; founded in 1583; "'Kumbum' [in Tibetan language] means '100,000 enlightening bodies of the Buddha.'  It is named after the 100,000 images of the Buddha Sinhanada [a Buddhist god of medicine in Tibetan religion] which appear on the leaves of the holy sandalwood 檀香 tree")
(ii) Religions in Tibet. Explore Tibet; Tibetan owned and authentic Tibetan experiences, undated
http://www.tibetexploretour.com/about_20.shtml
("Tsongka pa life story (1357-1419)  Tsongkapa was born in Tsongka, Amdo, in 1357, the fourth of six sons. The day after Tsongkapa’s birth, Chojey Dondrub Rinchen sent his main disciple to the parents with gifts, a statue, and a letter. A sandalwood tree grew from the spot where his umbilical cord fell to the ground. Each leaf had a natural picture of the Buddha Sinhanada, and was thus called Kumbum, a hundred thousand body images. The Gelug monastery called Kumbum was later built on that spot")
(iii) Gelug
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelug
(also known as the Yellow Hat sect, is a school of Buddhism founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419); section 1.2 Establishment of the Dalai Lamas: In 1577 Sonam Gyatso, who was considered to be the third incarnation of Gyalwa Gendün Drup, was designated as the third Dalai Lama, and Gyalwa Gendün Drup and Gendun Gyatso were posthumously recognized as the 1st and 2nd Dalai Lamas)

(g)
(i) Qinghai Lake   青海湖
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qinghai_Lake
(is the largest lake in China; a saline and alkaline lake; Both the current Chinese name "Qinghai" and the older Mongolian name Kokonur translate to "Blue Lake" or "Teal Sea" in English; located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the provincial capital of Xining at 3,205 m (10,515 feet) above sea level in a depression of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau)
(ii) Golmud  青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州 格尔木市
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golmud
(The name of the city derives from Mongolian, and its literal meaning in the local Western Mongolian is "Rivers")
(h) Tanggula Pass  唐古拉山口
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanggula_Pass
(5,231 meters (17,162 feet); used by the Qinghai–Tibet Highway and Qinghai–Tibet Railway to cross the Tanggula Mountains)

* 唐古拉山脉
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5 ... 9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89
(唐古拉在藏语中意为“高原上的山”（一说意为“平坦的山口”）)

choi

(2) The death of a revolutionary | The song of Song; The shot that killed Song Jiaoren was not heard around the world. But it might have changed Chinese history.  
http://www.economist.com/news/ch ... -might-have-changed

Note:
(a)
(i) SONG Jiaoren  宋 教仁 (1882-1913; born in the present-day 湖南省 常德市 桃源县)
(ii) YUAN Shikai  袁 世凱 (1859-1916)
(iii) LIANG Qichao  梁 啟超 (1873-1929)
(iv) "WU Xiangxiang, a biographer of Song"
吳湘湘 (1914-2007)  (I use traditional Chinese, because he went to Taiwan.)
(v) "Kit Siong LIEW, another biographer of Song"
* 劉 吉祥
* Kit Siong Liew. Struggle for Democracy; Sung Chiao-Jen and the 1911 Revolution. University of California Berkeley Press (also, Australian National University Press), 1971 (201 pages).
(vi) SUN Yat-sen 孫文 / 孫逸仙  (1866-1925)

(b) John Delury. Asia Society, undated.
http://asiasociety.org/john-delury
("John Delury is a senior fellow of the Center on U.S.-China Relations and an Assistant Professor of International Studies at Yonsei University. He has taught Chinese history and politics at Columbia, Brown, and Peking University, and received a PhD in Chinese history at Yale")

* Yonsei University  延世大學
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonsei_University
(located in Seoul; Established in 1885, it is one of the oldest universities in South Korea, the top private comprehensive universities in South Korea; The university was formally established in 1957 through the union of Yonhi College (연희전문학교; 延禧專門學校) and Severance Union Medical College (세브란스 의과대학; 세브란스 醫科大學 [named after a generous American donor, Louis Severance, of Standard Oil]))
* In teh Web I can not find Dr Delury's research on Mr Song's assassination.

(c)
(i) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778; French)

* The Social Contract
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Contract
(published in 1762)
(ii) John Stuart Mill
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill
(1806-1873; English)

* On Liberty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Liberty
(published in 1859)
(iii) Montesquieu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu
(Charles-Louis de Secondat; 1689-1755; French; At 27, he inherited a fortune upon the death of his uncle, as well as the title Baron de Montesquieu)

* The Spirit of the Laws
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_the_Laws
(a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in 1748)

(d) The article mentions "[t]he contrast between a slow-hoofed regime [Qing dynasty] and a world hurtling into modernity."

The online dictionary www.m-w.com does not ahve "slow-hoofed," but does have
slow-footed (adj): "moving at a very slow pace : PLODDING <a slow–footed novel> <a slow–footed ship>"
(e) The article says, "In 1904, at the age of 22, he [Song] fell in with a revolutionary group’s plan to bomb a municipal building in Changsha."

fall in with:
"1: to concur with <had to fall in with her wishes>
* * *
3: to begin associating with <she fell in with a bad crowd>"
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fall%20in
(f) For Revolutionary Alliance, see Tongmenghui  中國同盟會   
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongmenghui
(also known as the Chinese United League, United League, Chinese Revolutionary Alliance, Chinese Alliance and United Allegiance Society; was a secret society; formed when merging many Chinese revolutionary groups together by Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren in Tokyo, Japan, on Aug 20, 1905)
(g) Frank Johnson Goodnow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Johnson_Goodnow
(1859-1939; section 3 Career: a proffessor at Columbia University, went to China, in 1914 he became the third president of Johns Hopkins University)